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Larval development of Engyophrys senta (Bothidae), with comments on intermuscular bones in flatfishes
Hensley, D.A. (1977). Larval development of Engyophrys senta (Bothidae), with comments on intermuscular bones in flatfishes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 27(4): 681-703
In: Bulletin of Marine Science. University of Miami Press: Coral Gables. ISSN 0007-4977; e-ISSN 1553-6955, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Keywords
    Biological development > Larval development
    Biology > Anatomy
    Classification > Taxonomy
    Bothidae Smitt, 1892 [WoRMS]; Engyophrys senta Ginsburg, 1933 [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal

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  • Hensley, D.A.

Abstract
    Development of E. Senta is described from larvae collected in the Gulf of Mexico. Larvae are characterized by a deep, highly compressed body; an elongate second dorsal ray in small larvae; four (three in small larvae) spines in the otic region; and spinous serrations on the cleithra, urohyal, and basipterygia. As metamorphosis is approached, optic papillae develop, spines (otic, urohyal, basipterygial, and cleithral) become reduced in size, and larval teeth are lost, replacement teeth forming on the right dentary and premaxillary. Metamorphosis apparently occurs at about 20 mm SL. Five series of intermuscular bones are present in juvenile and adult E. Senta. Four of these series are composed of highly branched (brush-like) bones. There are reasons for interpreting the presence of these bones as a derived character. Some authors have shown, on the basis of presence or absence of intermuscular bones, that there are two groups of species within the Bothidae; these two groups generally agree with the Bothinae (bones present) and Paralichthyinae (bones absent) of the most widely accepted classification. This is true among the western North Atlantic species except in regard to Engyophrys, Trichopsetta, and Monolene, which have intermuscular bones and have been placed in the Paralichthyinae by previous workers. Other adult and larval characters also support the possibility that these three genera are more closely related to the Bothinae than the Paralichthyinae. These observations suggest that the subfamilial groupings within the Bothidae should be reexamined and subjected to a more rigorous analysis than previous workers have given them.

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