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Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes: II. Measurement, modeling, and management
McAnally, W.H.; Teeter, A.; Schoellhamer, D.H.; Friedrichs, C.T.; Hamilton, D.; Hayter, E.J.; Shrestha, P.; Rodriguez, H.N.; Sheremet, A.; Kirby, R. (2007). Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes: II. Measurement, modeling, and management. J. Hydraul. Eng. 133(1): 23-38
In: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): New York, NY. ISSN 0733-9429; e-ISSN 1943-7900, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Keywords
    Measurement
    Models
    Sediments
    Sediments > Clastics > Mud > Fluid mud
    Water bodies > Coastal waters > Coastal landforms > Coastal inlets > Bays
    Water bodies > Coastal waters > Coastal landforms > Coastal inlets > Estuaries
    Water bodies > Inland waters > Lakes

Authors  Top 
  • McAnally, W.H.
  • Teeter, A.
  • Schoellhamer, D.H.
  • Friedrichs, C.T.
  • Hamilton, D.
  • Hayter, E.J.
  • Shrestha, P.
  • Rodriguez, H.N.
  • Sheremet, A.
  • Kirby, R.

Abstract
    Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples-the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor-illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.

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