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Measurement of underwater operational noise emitted by wave and tidal stream energy devices
Lepper, P.A.; Robinson, S.P. (2016). Measurement of underwater operational noise emitted by wave and tidal stream energy devices, in: Popper, A.N. et al. The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 875: pp. 615-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_74
In: Popper, A.N.; Hawkins, A. (Ed.) (2016). The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 875. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc: New York. ISBN 978-1-4939-2980-1. xxx, 1292 pp., more
In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer: Berlin. ISSN 0065-2598; e-ISSN 2214-8019, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Keywords
    Sound > Noise (sound) > Underwater noise
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    Tidal; Wave; Tidal energy converter; Wave energy converter

Authors  Top 
  • Lepper, P.A.
  • Robinson, S.P.

Abstract
    The increasing international growth in the development of marine and freshwater wave and tidal energy harvesting systems has been followed by a growing requirement to understand any associated underwater impact. Radiated noise generated during operation is dependent on the device's physical properties, the sound-propagation environment, and the device's operational state. Physical properties may include size, distribution in the water column, and mechanics/hydrodynamics. The sound-propagation environment may be influenced by water depth, bathymetry, sediment type, and water column acoustic properties, and operational state may be influenced by tidal cycle and wave height among others This paper discusses some of the challenges for measurement of noise characteristics from these devices as well as a case study of the measurement of radiated noise from a full-scale wave energy converter.

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