Physical factors in benthic ecology: effects of changing sand particle size on beach fauna
McLachlan, A. (1996). Physical factors in benthic ecology: effects of changing sand particle size on beach fauna. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 131(1-3): 205-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps131205
In: Marine Ecology Progress Series. Inter-Research: Oldendorf/Luhe. ISSN 0171-8630; e-ISSN 1616-1599, more
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| Keywords |
Aquatic communities > Benthos > Zoobenthos
Dimensions > Size > Grain size
Gradients
Topographic features > Landforms > Coastal landforms > Beaches
Marine/Coastal |
| Author keywords |
Sandy beach; Benthic macrofauna; Environmental gradients; Grain size |
| Abstract |
This paper reports on the disposal of diamond mine tailings on a Namibian sandy beach. Coarse sand in the tailings greatly increases the grain size of the affected parts of the beach and thereby provides the opportunity to assess the effects of changing sand grain size on a beach when other physical variables are kept constant. Elizabeth Bay (Namibia) is 4 km long and was originally composed of fine sand which, exposed to moderate to heavy wave action, produced a log spiral bay with a dissipative beach. Tailings disposal in the centre of the bay has increased mean sand particle size from original values of 110 to 160 um to present values of 500 to 800 um with a concomitant conversion of beach morphodynamic state from dissipative to intermediate. Surveys of the 2 ends of the bay, which are relatively unaffected by disposal, and of an undisturbed similar bay nearby revealed intertidal benthic macrofauna communities with 15 to 20 species occurring in high abundance (24120 to 129276 m-1). In 3 transects in the affected area, species richness was 8 to 12 per transect and abundance was 640 to 4710 m-1. Beds of the large sand mussel Donax serra have disappeared from the affected sector of the bay and peracarids typical of finer sands have been replaced by a more robust species. Regression analysis revealed significant correlations between community parameters (species richness and abundance) and both beach slope and particle size; ANOVA confirmed the significantly lower abundances of fauna in the affected areas. Smothering effects appeared to be localised and limited. This study has supported the hypothesis that an increase in sand particle size (on a beach where tide range and wave energy have remained constant) results in a change in beach state and a decrease in species richness and abundance. |
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