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Temperature, food availability, and the development of marine invertebrate larvae
Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Pearse, J.S. (1995). Temperature, food availability, and the development of marine invertebrate larvae. Am. Zool. 35(4): 415-425
In: American Zoologist. American Society of Zoologists: McLean, VA. ISSN 0003-1569; e-ISSN 2162-4445, more
Peer reviewed article  
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Keywords
    Aquatic organisms > Marine organisms > Aquatic animals > Marine invertebrates
    Biological development
    Biological development > Larval development
    Comparative studies
    Environmental effects > Temperature effects
    Asteroidea [WoRMS]; Echinodermata [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal
Authors  Top 
  • Hoegh-Guldberg, O.
  • Pearse, J.S.
Abstract
    Marine invertebrates develop in waters that extend from the poles to the equator experiencing the full range of environmental temperature and food conditions. How selection has modified their development under the influence of these two factors has been a matter of debate. In this paper we argue that the primary influence on developmental rate is temperature while other factors such as food availability are much less important. From existing literature we demonstrate that (1) developmental rates of both lecithotrophic and planktotrophic asteroids decrease in a similar way from the tropics to the poles as they do also in other groups of invertebrates (echinoids molluscs crustaceans) and (2) rates of development at any one temperature cluster around the function describing the effect of temperature without any relationship to egg size suggesting that developmental rates are near the maximum for a given temperature regardless of other variables such as nutrition. We also investigated the response of development to temperature in four species of planktotrophic asteroids one tropical one temperate two polar. There was limited temperature compensation among these four species but little or no apparent ability to compensate for the retarding effects of reduced temperature within species. Arrhenius analysis of the data suggests that q sub(10) values for the upper region of each species' tolerance range are approximately indicating that enzyme-based reactions have evolved to be closely integrated with uncatalyzed temperature-dependent physical-chemical processes. Values of q sub(10) at lower regions of the tolerance range on the other hand range between and indicative of abrupt temperature-dependent shifts in reaction equilibria or in the organization of macromolecules and membranes. We conclude that temperature itself rather than egg size food or other variables best explains observed latitudinal differences in developmental rates in marine invertebrates.
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