Difference between revisions of "APE"

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Definition|title=alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs)
 
Definition|title=alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs)
|definition= A mixture of chemicals which are used as [[surfactant|surfactants]]. <ref>[http://website.lineone.net/~mwarhurst/apeintro.html http://website.lineone.net 27 Augsut 2009]</ref>}}
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|definition= A mixture of chemicals which can be used as [[surfactant|surfactants]]<ref>[http://website.lineone.net/~mwarhurst/apeintro.html http://website.lineone.net August 27 2009]</ref>.}}  
  
 
== Notes ==
 
== Notes ==
  
They have been widely used in detergents, plastics and pesticides. Large amounts of the produced APEs end up in the marine [[ecosystem]]. It can be degraded to [[nonylphenol]] and [[octylphenol]], which both are more toxic and can act as [[endocrine disrupting compounds]] by behaving as estrogens.
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They have been widely used in detergents, plastics and pesticides. Large amounts of the produced APEs end up in the marine [[ecosystem]]. It can be degraded to [[nonylphenol]] and [[octylphenol]], which are both more toxic and can act as [[endocrine disrupting compounds]] by behaving as estrogens.
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The use of alkylphenol ethoxylates has been banned or restricted<ref>Verslycke, T.; Vethaak, A.D.; Arijs, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2004). Flame retardants, surfactants and organotins in sediment and mysid shrimp of the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Environ. Poll. 136(1): 19-31</ref>.
  
The use of alkylphenol ethoxylates has been banned or restricted.
 
<ref>Verslycke, T.; Vethaak, A.D.; Arijs, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2004). Flame retardants, surfactants and organotins in sediment and mysid shrimp of the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Environ. Poll. 136(1): 19-31</ref>
 
 
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==References==
 
==References==
 
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<references/>
 
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|AuthorID=19826
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|AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter
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|AuthorName=Daphnisd}}
  
 
[[Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]
 
[[Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]

Revision as of 16:28, 19 March 2013

Definition of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs):
A mixture of chemicals which can be used as surfactants[1].
This is the common definition for alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs), other definitions can be discussed in the article

Notes

They have been widely used in detergents, plastics and pesticides. Large amounts of the produced APEs end up in the marine ecosystem. It can be degraded to nonylphenol and octylphenol, which are both more toxic and can act as endocrine disrupting compounds by behaving as estrogens.

The use of alkylphenol ethoxylates has been banned or restricted[2].


Case studies

Flame retardants organotin compounds and surfactants in opossum shrimps of the Scheldt estuary.


References

  1. http://website.lineone.net August 27 2009
  2. Verslycke, T.; Vethaak, A.D.; Arijs, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2004). Flame retardants, surfactants and organotins in sediment and mysid shrimp of the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Environ. Poll. 136(1): 19-31
The main author of this article is Daphnis De Pooter
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.

Citation: Daphnis De Pooter (2013): APE. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/APE [accessed on 28-03-2024]