Difference between revisions of "Cadmium"
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The main anthropogenic sources are copper and nickel smelting, batteries and fuel combustion. It mostly enters the marine ecosystem through atmospheric loading and riverine discharges.<ref>↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref> | The main anthropogenic sources are copper and nickel smelting, batteries and fuel combustion. It mostly enters the marine ecosystem through atmospheric loading and riverine discharges.<ref>↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref> | ||
| − | Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic metals. In humans it | + | Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic metals. It causes sublethal and behavioral effects at lower concentrations than mercury and lead. It causes cancer in animals, and in vertebrates it causes kidney toxicity. <ref name = bird>Biology of marine birds. Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. (Eds). 2002. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 722 pp. </ref>In humans it might also lead to skeletal deficiencies and lung damage. <ref>New perspectives: Toxicology and the environment. Toxicology of marine mammals, eds.J. Vos, G. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T. O'Shea, New York: Taylor & Francis. 643p</ref> |
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| + | In humans it can lead to , kidney lesions, and have carcinogenic effects. | ||
Like other heavy metals, cadlium does not have [[biomagnification|biomagnifying]] properties. Higher trofic levels accumulate low amounts of cadmium and are able to deal with them efficiently with [[metallothionein|metallothioneins]]. Mollusks contain large amounts of cadmium and seam to accumulate them.<ref>Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161</ref> | Like other heavy metals, cadlium does not have [[biomagnification|biomagnifying]] properties. Higher trofic levels accumulate low amounts of cadmium and are able to deal with them efficiently with [[metallothionein|metallothioneins]]. Mollusks contain large amounts of cadmium and seam to accumulate them.<ref>Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161</ref> | ||
Revision as of 10:33, 16 July 2009
Definition of cadmium:
Cadmium is a heavy metal with symbol Cd and atomic number 48
This is the common definition for cadmium, other definitions can be discussed in the article
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Notes
The main anthropogenic sources are copper and nickel smelting, batteries and fuel combustion. It mostly enters the marine ecosystem through atmospheric loading and riverine discharges.[1]
Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic metals. It causes sublethal and behavioral effects at lower concentrations than mercury and lead. It causes cancer in animals, and in vertebrates it causes kidney toxicity. [2]In humans it might also lead to skeletal deficiencies and lung damage. [3]
In humans it can lead to , kidney lesions, and have carcinogenic effects. Like other heavy metals, cadlium does not have biomagnifying properties. Higher trofic levels accumulate low amounts of cadmium and are able to deal with them efficiently with metallothioneins. Mollusks contain large amounts of cadmium and seam to accumulate them.[4]
Refernces
- ↑ ↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp
- ↑ Biology of marine birds. Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. (Eds). 2002. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 722 pp.
- ↑ New perspectives: Toxicology and the environment. Toxicology of marine mammals, eds.J. Vos, G. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T. O'Shea, New York: Taylor & Francis. 643p
- ↑ Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161
