DDT - Bewerkingsoverzicht

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Daphnisd op 12 aug 2009 om 15:28

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@@ Regel 1: / Regel 1: @@
-===  ===
+{{tocright}}
 {{Definition|title= dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
 |definition= Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a [[persistent]] [[organochlorine pesticides|organochlorine pesticide]]<ref>Lawrence E (ed.), 2000. Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms. 12th edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited. Harlow, Great Britain.</ref>. }}
@@ Regel 42: / Regel 42: @@
 ==References==
 <references/>
+{{author
 [[Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]

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 [[PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in Antarctic algae]]<P>
 [[PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in shrimp from the Belgian North Sea]]<P>
-[[Pesticides in harbour porpoises]]
+[[Organohalogenated contaminants in harbour porpoises|Organochlorine pesticides in Harbour porpoises]]
 <P>
 <BR>

@@ Regel 19: / Regel 19: @@
 DDT affects the central nervous system of insects and other animals. This results in hyperactivity, paralysis and death. DDT also affects eggshell production in birds and the [[endocrine system]] of most animals<ref>Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref>.
 <P>
-<P>DDT has a very high tenancy towards [[biomagnification]]. When in a simple ecosystem the background concentration is equal to 1, then zooplankton can accumulate concentrations of 13.000, small fish species concentrations of 170.000, large fishes up to 670.000 and finally birds will accumulate concentrations up to 8.300.000. <ref name="pub">Janssen, C. (2008). Wat is giftig en wat niet, de zee onder de loep. Het Laboratorium voor Milieutoxicologie en Aquatische Ecologie, in: Goffin, A. et al. (Ed.) (2008). UGent aan Zee. pp. 54-61</ref> DDT has been found in all marine ecosystems, including the Antarctic and the deep sea. It can be found in all components of the marine [[food web]].
+DDT has a very high tenancy towards [[biomagnification]]. When in a simple ecosystem the background concentration is equal to 1, then zooplankton can accumulate concentrations of 13.000, small fish species concentrations of 170.000, large fishes up to 670.000 and finally birds will accumulate concentrations up to 8.300.000<ref name="pub">Janssen, C. (2008). Wat is giftig en wat niet, de zee onder de loep. Het Laboratorium voor Milieutoxicologie en Aquatische Ecologie, in: Goffin, A. et al. (Ed.) (2008). UGent aan Zee. pp. 54-61</ref>. DDT has been found in all marine ecosystems, including the Antarctic and the deep sea. It can be found in all components of the marine [[food web]].
 <P>
 <BR>

@@ Regel 16: / Regel 16: @@
 |}
 DDT, like other organochlorine pesticides enter the marine environment mainly through inputs from water and air, as a result of their use in agriculture. Although the use of DDT in Western countries has been forbidden since the 1970's, they are still detected in the marine environment due to it's extreme stability ([[half-life]] of 15 years), to illegal use or to use elsewhere (third world countries).
-DDT is metabolised into dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) which is equally toxic. Therefore, to asses the risk of DDT exposure, the sum both contaminants needs to be taken into account. This also means that when you encounter a high percentage of DDT, the contamination must be a recent one.<ref>OSPAR Commission 2000. Quality Status Report 2000, OSPAR Commission, London</ref>.
+DDT is metabolised into dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) which is equally toxic. Therefore, to asses the risk of DDT exposure, the sum both contaminants needs to be taken into account. This also means that when you encounter a high DDT/DDE ratio, the contamination must be a recent one<ref>OSPAR Commission 2000. Quality Status Report 2000, OSPAR Commission, London</ref>.
-DDT affects the central nervous system of insects and other animals. This results in hyperactivity, paralysis and death.
+DDT affects the central nervous system of insects and other animals. This results in hyperactivity, paralysis and death. DDT also affects eggshell production in birds and the [[endocrine system]] of most animals<ref>Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref>.
-DDT also affects eggshell production in birds and the [[endocrine system]] of most animals. <ref>↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref>
 <P>DDT has a very high tenancy towards [[biomagnification]]. When in a simple ecosystem the background concentration is equal to 1, then zooplankton can accumulate concentrations of 13.000, small fish species concentrations of 170.000, large fishes up to 670.000 and finally birds will accumulate concentrations up to 8.300.000. <ref name="pub">Janssen, C. (2008). Wat is giftig en wat niet, de zee onder de loep. Het Laboratorium voor Milieutoxicologie en Aquatische Ecologie, in: Goffin, A. et al. (Ed.) (2008). UGent aan Zee. pp. 54-61</ref> DDT has been found in all marine ecosystems, including the Antarctic and the deep sea. It can be found in all components of the marine [[food web]].
@@ Regel 25: / Regel 24: @@
 <BR>
 <P>
 == Case studies ==

@@ Regel 1: / Regel 1: @@
 ===  ===
 {{Definition|title= dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
-|definition= Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistant [[organochlorine pesticides|organochlorine pesticide]]<ref>Lawrence E (ed.), 2000. Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms. 12th edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited. Harlow, Great Britain.</ref>. }}
+|definition= Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a [[persistent]] [[organochlorine pesticides|organochlorine pesticide]]<ref>Lawrence E (ed.), 2000. Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms. 12th edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited. Harlow, Great Britain.</ref>. }}
 == Notes ==

@@ Regel 15: / Regel 15: @@
 |-
 |}
-DDT, like other organochlorine pesticides enter the marine environment mainly through inputs from water and air, as a result of their use in agriculture. Although the use of DDT in Western countries has been forbidden since the 1970's, they are still detected in the marine environment due to it's extreme stability, to illegal use or to use elsewhere (third world countries).
+DDT, like other organochlorine pesticides enter the marine environment mainly through inputs from water and air, as a result of their use in agriculture. Although the use of DDT in Western countries has been forbidden since the 1970's, they are still detected in the marine environment due to it's extreme stability ([[half-life]] of 15 years), to illegal use or to use elsewhere (third world countries).
 DDT is metabolized into dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) which is equally toxic. Therefore, to asses the risk of DDT exposure, the sum both contaminants needs to be taken into account. This also means that when you encounter a high percentage of DDT, the contamination must be a recent one.<ref>OSPAR Commission 2000. Quality Status Report 2000, OSPAR Commission, London</ref>. It's still possible to find recent contaminations of DDT, especially in third world countries, where the use of DDT still isn't everywhere prohibited.<ref name="pub">Janssen, C. (2008). Wat is giftig en wat niet, de zee onder de loep. Het Laboratorium voor Milieutoxicologie en Aquatische Ecologie, in: Goffin, A. et al. (Ed.) (2008). UGent aan Zee. pp. 54-61</ref>

← Oudere versie		Versie van 12 aug 2009 om 15:28
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	{{Definition\|title= dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane		{{Definition\|title= dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
	\|definition= Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a persistant [[organochlorine pesticides\|organochlorine pesticide]] <ref>Lawrence E (ed.), 2000. Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms. 12th edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited. Harlow, Great Britain.</ref> }}		\|definition= Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a persistant [[organochlorine pesticides\|organochlorine pesticide]] <ref>Lawrence E (ed.), 2000. Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms. 12th edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited. Harlow, Great Britain.</ref> }}