Isoproturon: verschil tussen versies

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Regel 16: Regel 16:
  
 
Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage<ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref>.  
 
Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage<ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref>.  
Isoproturon has a low tendency to [[adsorption|adsorb]] to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies despite its has a rather low water solubility (70.2 mg/l). Its [[half-life]] in water is 30 days, in soils 40 days<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref>.  
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Isoproturon has a low tendency to [[adsorption|adsorb]] to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies despite its rather low water solubility (70,2 mg/l). Its [[half-life]] in water is 30 days, in soils 40 days<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref>.  
  
Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards [[bioaccumulation]] or [[biomagnification]]. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain [[species]]. <ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13698291 MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry] </ref>
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Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards [[bioaccumulation]] or [[biomagnification]]. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain [[species]]<ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13698291 MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry] </ref>.
  
Isoproturon is shown to be very toxic for algae and oysters which experience acute toxicity at concentrations above 13 µg/l and 370 µg/l respectively. Long term exposure to concentrations above 1 mg/l might affect the growth of fishes, although they only experience acute toxicity at concentrations above 18 mg/l<ref name="EU">[http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/existactive/list1-41_en.pdf Review report for the active substance isoproturon, adopted December 7 2001]</ref>.  
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Isoproturon is shown to be very [[toxic]] for algae and oysters which experience acute toxicity at concentrations above 13 µg/l and 370 µg/l respectively. Long term exposure to concentrations above 1 mg/l might affect the growth of fishes, acute toxicity occurs at concentrations above 18 mg/l<ref name="EU">[http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/existactive/list1-41_en.pdf Review report for the active substance isoproturon, adopted December 7 2001]</ref>.  
 
 
In fresh water, concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded.<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref>
 
  
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In fresh water, concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref>.
 
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Versie van 5 okt 2009 om 09:10

Definition of isoproturon:
Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals[1]. Pure isoproturon occurs as colourless crystals which melt at 158°C. It's slightly soluble in water and polar organic solvents[2].
This is the common definition for isoproturon, other definitions can be discussed in the article

Notes

Isoproturon
isoproturon
Formula
C12H18N2O

Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage[2]. Isoproturon has a low tendency to adsorb to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies despite its rather low water solubility (70,2 mg/l). Its half-life in water is 30 days, in soils 40 days[3].

Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain species[4].

Isoproturon is shown to be very toxic for algae and oysters which experience acute toxicity at concentrations above 13 µg/l and 370 µg/l respectively. Long term exposure to concentrations above 1 mg/l might affect the growth of fishes, acute toxicity occurs at concentrations above 18 mg/l[5].

In fresh water, concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded[3].


Environmental standards and legislation

Included in the water framework list of priority substances


References