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• Setback area
  ...ne or the crest of the first dune row. See for example [https://scdhec.gov/environment/your-water-coast/ocean-coastal-management/beach-management/coastal-permits/ ...t<ref>Environment Agency, 2020. National Flood and Coastal Risk Management Strategy for England.</ref>.
  5 KB (760 words) - 22:43, 13 January 2022
• Shoreline management
  ..., N.E. 2017. Shoreline management guidelines. DHI https://www.dhigroup.com/marine-water/ebook-shoreline-management-guidelines</ref>: * Degradation of coastal water and marine ecosystems from land-based pollution including sediment run-off, fertilizer
  38 KB (5,697 words) - 22:31, 2 July 2022
• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...ng, land-based pressures, and other commercial activities) on 21 different marine ecosystems globally was estimated for each of eleven years spanning 2003– The reader is referred to the separate pages [[Effects of fisheries on marine biodiversity]] and [[Mariculture]]. These articles discuss how and why ecos
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Marine biological valuation maps - an example from Belgium
  ...al valuation in the marine environment.'' Oceanologia 49 (1). See FLANDERS MARINE INSTITUTE web site at [http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refid=10 Below you can find the marine BVM for the Belgian part of the North Sea. A more detailed version of the m
  3 KB (451 words) - 17:24, 2 March 2024
• DeCyDe for Sustainability Policy tool
  ...Environment and Development (1992). The Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy was adopted by the European Council in June 2006. It deals in an integrated | Environment
  25 KB (3,543 words) - 21:40, 7 August 2021
• Biotopes and classification systems
  ...eographical location, physiographic features and the physical and chemical environment (including salinity, wave exposure, strength of tidal streams, geology, bio ...articular environment, presumably interacting with each other and with the environment, and identifiable by means of ecological survey from other groups. A commun
  17 KB (2,420 words) - 13:14, 6 March 2022
• Risk and coastal zone policy: example from the Netherlands
  ...ch: socio-cultural perspectives on the public experience of air pollution, Environment International, 30, 827-840</ref>). All known definitions of risk however ha ...agenda for the coast, Rijkswaterstaat, National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management/RIKZ, pp. 48</ref>).
  14 KB (2,223 words) - 20:01, 18 September 2023
• Use of Lidar for coastal habitat mapping
  ...que using light emission. Part of the light is diffused or absorbed by the environment and the other part is backscattered in the direction of the source of radia ===Survey strategy in shallow water areas ===
  15 KB (2,393 words) - 22:55, 9 October 2023
• Endocrine disrupting compounds in the coastal environment
  ...es of EDCs and the impact that these '''EDCs''' can have on the '''coastal environment''', particularly within the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea. ...from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Community Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters a range of substances suspected of interfering wit
  13 KB (1,849 words) - 18:09, 3 August 2020
• Capacity Building Needs Associated to the ICZM Cycle
  ...l Resources Center, The University of Rhode Island, and the Center for the Environment, US Agency for International Development. Narragansett, RI, USA. 184 p.</r .../WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific. Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). 1996. The Contributions of Science to Integrated
  16 KB (2,332 words) - 21:07, 28 August 2020
• Land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
  The demands placed on the coastal environment for space to live and natural resources to exploit is increasing as populat LOICZ in its second decade developed a Science Plan and Implementation Strategy around 5 themes in order to better understand:
  13 KB (1,995 words) - 17:08, 20 September 2020
• The Capacity Building Concept
  UNDP defined Capacity Building as ''"the creation of an enabling environment with appropriate policy and legal frameworks, institutional development, in ...s in capacity development needs, and based on these findings, to develop a strategy and action plan that addresses identified needs to meet the challenges of g
  10 KB (1,426 words) - 15:36, 4 October 2021
• Global Forum of Oceans, Coasts and Islands
  ...r, Southampton Oceanography Centre; Ellina Levina, Climate Change Analyst, Environment Directorate, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); ...Ocean acidification]] is a new and looming threat that could undermine the marine food web and preclude coral development. [[Sea level rise]] and [[acidifica
  16 KB (2,281 words) - 16:59, 1 August 2019
• Convention on Biological Diversity
  ...ersity]] (variety of biological communities) and [[Functional diversity in marine ecosystems|functional diversity]] (variety of biological processes, functio ...security, medicines, fresh air and water, shelter, and a clean and healthy environment. [[Biodiversity]] underlies the goods and [[Ecosystem services|services pro
  7 KB (1,039 words) - 17:08, 27 February 2022
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
  ...and levels of administration. It means integration of the terrestrial and marine components of the target territory, in both time and space”<ref>[http://e ...on addressing the most pressing issues without a well-considered long-term strategy. Integrated Coastal Zone Management is aimed at preventing (or reducing the
  29 KB (3,962 words) - 20:24, 18 September 2023
• Spatial Planning and Integrated Coastal Zone Management
  Coastal and marine environments are usually characterized by beautiful landscapes and rich eco ...anning system presents an opportunity for the implementation of an overall strategy of conservation, sustainability and management to maximise future economic
  5 KB (659 words) - 13:42, 16 February 2024
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Integrated Water Resources Management
  ...e and related physical and biological processes as they operate across the marine and coastal/terestrial boundaries is central to the development of sensitiv ...uncil and the European Parliament on Integrated Coastal Zone Management: a Strategy for Europe (COM/2000/547/Brussels)</ref>.
  7 KB (991 words) - 12:30, 30 December 2020
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  ...down the general obligations of states to protect and preserve the marine environment. The [http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm United Nations Convention on th ...ed by any nation. This new law also let countries resist Great Britain’s strategy of stopping trading between its enemies and the rest of the world thanks to
  30 KB (4,800 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2024
• Consultation on Maritime Policy: the issue of Capacity Building
  ...onomy, responsive to sustainable principles and in harmony with the marine environment. ...hese innovative strategies being considered in the new maritime policy and strategy will place a heavy burden on the existing educational and training institut
  31 KB (4,532 words) - 15:32, 6 October 2021
• Marine Spatial Planning - the need for a common language
  ...its it can offer. It also briefly discusses some international examples of marine spatial planning today. ==Why do we need Marine Spatial Planning?==
  36 KB (5,342 words) - 18:20, 16 February 2024
• Eutrophication in coastal environments
  ...nutrients are discussed in the article [[Nutrient conversion in the marine environment]]. ...J. E., Heckey, R. E. et al. (eds) (2006) Eutrophication of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Limnol. Oceanogr., 51 (1, part 2), 351–800.</ref>. Coastal re
  18 KB (2,538 words) - 12:37, 30 March 2022
• Eutrophication related monitoring tasks and WFD for coastal waters in Greece
  ...er use, and ensuring “enhanced protection and improvement of the aquatic environment”. This last point requires that rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters ...enrichment through human activities causes adverse changes in the aquatic environment, rather than as a particular level of productivity or trophic state.
  26 KB (3,720 words) - 21:54, 1 August 2019
• Capacity Building in the frame of EU ICZM related policies
  ...onses that recognize the need for ICZM in Europe are abundant<ref>European Environment Agency, 2006, The changing faces of coastal areas. EEA Report No.6/2006, p7 ...rategy for Europe ([http://ec.europa.eu/environment/iczm/comm2000.htm ICZM Strategy, COM (2000)547 final]); and
  8 KB (1,125 words) - 21:17, 28 August 2020
• HyMap: Hyperspectral seafloor mapping and direct bathymetry calculation in littoral zones
  ...rns about the quality and availability of drinking water and the status of marine life and habitats, HS mapping offers a unique opportunity to provide ‘sta ...sely linked to the availability of basic data sets such as high resolution marine habitat maps and bathymetry.
  19 KB (2,865 words) - 13:10, 7 December 2023
• The Ecosystem Approach
  ...essential processes, functions and interactions among organisms and their environment. It recognizes that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral ...the intertidal area and the complementary and interdependent nature of the marine part and the land part forming a single entity shall be taken particularly
  20 KB (2,938 words) - 17:27, 15 February 2024
• Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP)
  ...tion= The Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme is an OSPAR Commission strategy. It was adopted at a Ministerial Meeting of the OSPAR Commission <ref>The [[OSPAR Convention (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) and OSPAR Commission]]
  719 bytes (104 words) - 12:43, 28 March 2012
• Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation in European coastal waters
  ...ion, detection and mitigation''' are listed in the [[:Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]. Heavy metals in trace amounts are normal constituents of marine organisms and some of them, such as zinc, copper and cobalt, are absolutely
  26 KB (3,940 words) - 16:24, 20 February 2024
• Current status of public participation in ICZM
  ...ional ICZM strategy (www.ikzm-strategie.de) and at least one regional ICZM strategy. But it is questioned whether this is also a national common vision of ICZM * National working group on ICZM and marine development
  93 KB (13,500 words) - 15:11, 7 October 2021
• Participation Processes in Coastal Zone Management
  ...he [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commission World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)] encouraged participation and established the need f ...rnational) demands for integration increase (e.g. the [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html Water Framework Directive (WFD)]) <ref>
  14 KB (1,864 words) - 12:58, 12 July 2020
• Deep sea habitat
  ...w about the characteristics, the bottom topography, the adaptations to the environment of the biota and the threats. ...[[seamount|seamounts]] and hydrothermal vents. <ref>Kaiser M. et al. 2005. Marine ecology: Processes, systems and impacts. Oxford University Press. p.584</re
  11 KB (1,818 words) - 15:48, 27 February 2021
• Science-Policy Interaction
  ...ong scientists and decisionmakers to facilitate the adaptive governance of marine resources: A review of knowledge and research needs. Ocean & Coastal Manage ...n produced by ongoing research. Adaptive management is also an appropriate strategy for learning what works and why, so that we can apply the lessons in the co
  24 KB (3,360 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
• Impact of tourism in coastal areas: Need of sustainable tourism strategy
  ==How does tourism damage coastal environment== ...greater impact as the tourist developments are located at or near fragile marine [[ecosystems]]. A few examples:
  26 KB (3,689 words) - 17:28, 5 May 2023
• Topic:International treaties
  This is a list of treaties relevant to coastal and marine management. * [[European Marine Strategy Framework Directive]]
  2 KB (292 words) - 17:40, 11 July 2020
• Habitat destruction and fragmentation
  ...rine habitats in Europe, such as kelp forests, support a high diversity of marine life and are threatened by human activity. Photo © BIOMAR]] ...diversity and their applications in conservation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 366, 8-15
  9 KB (1,382 words) - 16:45, 24 September 2022
• Non-native species invasions
  ...ul. Invasive species can dramatically change the structure and function of marine ecosystems by changing biodiversity and eliminating vital components of the ...e, the international transport and sale of live marine bait, live seafood, marine litter and live organisms for research and education.
  27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
• Principles of conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of estuarine and coastal habitats
  ...uary|estuaries]] need particular attention as interfaces between fresh and marine waters and the atmosphere. They are defined as zones of transition where te ...ortunately block any attempt to turn back land claimed from estuaries into marine habitats. On the contrary, the development of biodiversity at fine scales (
  23 KB (3,205 words) - 17:00, 2 March 2023
• EU Common Fisheries Policy
  ...iving aquatic resources, and to reduce the impact of fishing activities on marine ecosystems. The efficient fishing activities within an economically viable == Environment ==
  3 KB (473 words) - 12:57, 5 October 2021
• Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM)
  ...at integrates biological, social and economic factors into a comprehensive strategy aimed at protecting and enhancing sustainability, diversity and productivit ...ese challenges. It considers the whole ecosystem, including humans and the environment, rather than managing one issue or resource in isolation [https://www.natur
  2 KB (266 words) - 17:30, 15 February 2024
• Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Germany
  ...lt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit’; BMU) has been to publish an ICZM strategy in March 2006. But the ICZM process in Germany still contains significant g ...definition, (2) identification of preconditions, (3) preparation of a plan/strategy, (4) execution of measures and (5) evaluation. These guidelines constitute
  14 KB (2,012 words) - 16:09, 24 August 2020
• Carrying capacity and development of the Wadden Sea
  ..., river levels are unpredictable and development pressure on space and the environment is on the increase. Due to these interactions, the ecological status has of ...an early stage of project planning. This calls for an adaptive management strategy.
  11 KB (1,721 words) - 12:53, 6 March 2022
• Lessons learned from three ICZM best-practice projects
  ...lt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit’; BMU) has been to publish an ICZM strategy in March 2006. But the ICZM process in Germany still contains significant [ | 3. Preparation of a plan/strategy
  10 KB (1,359 words) - 17:20, 7 September 2020
• Analysis of the ICZM process in Belgium
  ...n Leefmilieu’; FOD) developed a report which does not provide a new ICZM strategy, but take existing coastal policies and future visions into consideration. ...ainable approach in the approval procedure. In the second phase, protected marine areas should be delineated and the necessary management measures defined (F
  13 KB (1,874 words) - 16:13, 24 August 2020
• Coastal cities and sea level rise
  ...an poor in Africa. Environment & Urbanization, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) 187: 187–205. DOI: 10.1177/0956247808089156</ref>. ...: Global assessment of land subsidence impact extent. Science of the Total Environment 786: 147415</ref>. Soft soils cannot bear great weight and therefore requir
  51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
• Key priority ICZM capacity building related issues in Europe
  ...to identify the impact of the capacity building effort within the working environment ...tegic consideration given to Capacity Building is a concern. An integrated strategy to incorporate Capacity Building is a vital part of the process for achievi
  15 KB (2,235 words) - 12:00, 1 August 2020
• US Army Corps of Engineers’ Coastal Programs
  ...tat restoration—fall under that part of the USACE mission focused on the environment and water resources. In 1990, environmental protection became one of the pr ...of 2000. Its purpose is to develop a national Estuary Habitat Restoration Strategy between the public and private sectors, restore one million acres of habita
  9 KB (1,363 words) - 09:56, 25 July 2020
• Meiofauna of Sandy Beaches
  ...to the deep sea, is one the earth’s richest and most diverse community. Marine meiofauna still contains numerous undescribed species and higher taxa. ...s related to microscopically small benthic invertebrates that live in both marine and fresh water environments. [[Meiofauna]] is formally defined as a group
  22 KB (3,240 words) - 17:40, 30 December 2023
• Biological Trait Analysis
  ...termines some specific aspect of how it looks or how it interacts with its environment.}} ...functioning in marine conservation and management. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 366: 37-47</ref>).
  5 KB (660 words) - 12:10, 2 March 2024
• Elemental mass spectrometry - a tool for monitoring trace element contaminants in the marine environment
  ...h influenced the specific distribution of trace elements within the marine environment. ...observed due to biomagnification effects. Especially top predators such as marine mammals are influenced, and different metal related effects on their health
  9 KB (1,297 words) - 16:36, 9 September 2020
• The distinctive features of marine biodiversity
  ...ei">Heip C, Warwick RM, d’Ozouville L (1999). A European Science Plan on Marine Biodiversity. European Science Foundation, Strasbourg.</ref>. The physical environment of the seas and land is totally different. Marine organisms live
  4 KB (676 words) - 15:38, 27 December 2020
• Microbial research
  ...rfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 200 ''Rhodopirellula'', an abundant red bacterium that lives attached to marine sediment grains was selected to investigate these questions. 70 different s
  12 KB (1,732 words) - 18:35, 22 February 2021
• Future marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research issues
  ...ill developing and we still understand the ocean less than the terrestrial environment. For us, the oceans are foreign habitats which we may enter but not yet inh ...rfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 200
  15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
• Preparation of offshore wind farm development in Germany
  ...fshore wind farms in the North and Baltic Sea is one important part of the strategy. ==Implementation of the Government’s offshore strategy==
  17 KB (2,618 words) - 12:21, 20 February 2024
• Marine Protected Areas in Europe
  ...irds and Habitats Directive is briefly described and the current status of marine Natura 2000 sites is outlined. [[Image:Marine_Europe.jpg|thumb|right|396px|Figure 1: Marine Environments in Europe, © A. Huth]]
  20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
• Danube Delta
  ...e a zone for monitoring, research, education and instruction regarding the environment protection; |19. Environment assessment
  5 KB (683 words) - 12:24, 8 October 2021
• Aegean Islands
  ...for coastal zone management is still under preparation by the Ministry of Environment and Climatic Change. ...the concentration of population in small areas is negative for the coastal environment (§8.1) and some actions to delimit areas should be taken (§8.3).
  4 KB (599 words) - 15:36, 13 March 2013
• North Lebanon Coastal Zone
  ...ht|Marine Resources and Coastal Zone Management Program - Institute of the Environment - University of Balamand]] ...yet, but some indicators have already been selected and linked to the IMAC strategy. The main challenge for the calculation of the indicators is securing the a
  4 KB (537 words) - 12:51, 6 August 2019
• ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
  ...ue''' and/or identifying an [[Impact]] in a Coastal Zone. The Alternative-Strategy database will quickly locate the key processes that influence the propertie ...ion to cause-effect connections in the spheres of the Economy, Society and Environment. Depending on their type they can influence these aspects at different leve
  14 KB (1,931 words) - 22:26, 6 July 2020
• The ICZM Process - a Roadmap towards Coastal Sustainability - Introduction
  ...Action Plan (MAP)]''', part of the '''[http://www.unep.org/ United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)]'''. Twenty-one Mediterranean countries and the European U ...roject and the GEF-funded Strategic Partnership in the Mediterranean Large Marine Ecosystem '''[http://themedpartnership.org/ (MedPartnership)]'''. Within t
  9 KB (1,300 words) - 12:32, 14 July 2020
• ICZM Strategies, Plans or Programmes
  ===What is an ICZM strategy, plan or programme?=== ...using a set of indicators. Behind this technical description, '''the ICZM strategy, plan or programme is simply an integrated set of desired and integrated ou
  8 KB (1,133 words) - 11:28, 25 July 2020
• Overzichtslijst beleidsinstrumenten
  4) Het [http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/BWMConvention.aspx '''Internationaal Verdrag v ...water te gebeuren volgens standaardprocedures ([http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/BWMGuidelines.aspx zie website IMO]). Een derd
  29 KB (4,143 words) - 14:08, 24 March 2021
• The need for data sharing
  ...e="UNGIWG">UNGIWG (2007) UNSDI Compendium - A UNSDI Vision, Implementation Strategy and Reference Architecture, 150p., http://www.ungiwg.org/docs/unsdi/UNSDI_C Image: Story_of_data.jpg|300px|left|thumb|The Story of data on the environment, a convincing movie from the FP7 Envirogrids-project on improved environmen
  10 KB (1,473 words) - 12:01, 25 July 2020
• OSPAR Convention (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) and OSPAR Commission
  ...ded by the 22th September 1992 Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (the ‘OSPAR Convention'). The new annex on bio ...R.png|thumb|right|600px|<small>OSPAR Contracting Parties (Credit: Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ))</small>]]
  10 KB (1,538 words) - 15:23, 1 August 2019
• HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) and Helsinki Convention
  HELCOM works to protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea from all sources of [[pollution]], and to restore and saf [[Image:map.jpg|thumb|right|<small>Figure 1: Baltic Sea marine area and catchment</small>]]
  8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:16, 2 September 2020
• Deciding on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for ICZM
  ...fic sensitivity of the environment and the inter-relationships between the marine and terrestrial parts of the coastal zone. ...stipulates that an SEA has to be carried out during the preparation of the strategy, plan or programme and must be completed before its adoption. SEA is theref
  6 KB (833 words) - 11:14, 25 July 2020
• Setting the Direction in ICZM
  ...ea in the future, in a time-span of 10 to 30 years and even beyond, if the strategy, plan or programme is implemented successfully. Ideally the vision should b '''Diverse''' - ecologically diverse: a rich mosaic of marine and terrestrial ecosystems; diverse rural and urban landscapes, old and new
  13 KB (1,876 words) - 11:54, 25 July 2020
• Ecosystem Approach to the South African West Coast lobster fishery
  ...ight|West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii. Photograph: Stephen Brouwer, Marine and Coastal Management, South Africa.]] ...ving the issues are also suggested. This will contribute to a management strategy that optimizes social and economic benefits without compromising the integr
  11 KB (1,513 words) - 16:51, 26 December 2020
• Shore protection vegetation
  ...hes, dunes, and barrier islands from erosion. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 13: 203–210</ref>; Bryant et al., 2019<ref>Bryant, D.B., Anderson-Bryant, ...oots, rhizomes, stolons and shoots, increased seed production, germination strategy; survivorship of seedlings and adult plants under sand burial is a major se
  76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
• What is genomics?
  ...sible and comparable global conclusions can be drawn about our surrounding environment and thereby permit a holistic approach to ocean management. ===What is the added value of Marine Genomics?===
  6 KB (893 words) - 16:04, 29 June 2020
• Agenda - Marine Genomics Europe
  ...The European flagship of marine sciences for a sustainable future. 38 pp. Marine Genomics Europe, EC-FP6 GOCE-CT-2004-505403]</ref>== Three major strategic drivers are used as cornerstones for integrating marine science and technology in Europe.
  8 KB (1,219 words) - 12:06, 8 August 2019
• Integrating Climate Change into the ICZM planning process - Analysis and Future
  ...work described below is part of the preparation of the plan, although the strategy should describes the broad structure of the climatic data that needs to be ...information as indicated above for mean temperature rise). In addition the marine projections include information on projected storm surges. The last gives t
  23 KB (3,668 words) - 16:05, 5 February 2020
• OSPAR and eutrophication
  ...the OSPAR maritime area in order to achieve and maintain a healthy marine environment where [[anthropogenic]] [[eutrophication]] does not occur. The Contracting To assist Contracting Parties towards the objectives of the Eutrophication Strategy OSPAR developed a common assessment framework: the '''Common Procedure''' f
  4 KB (568 words) - 13:40, 30 July 2020
• Cultural heritage
  ...between cultures passing across the seas<ref name=Vallega />. Coastal and marine activities have created buildings and artefacts highly adapted to their spe ...ecific architecture and asset connected to the necessities of fishermen or marine trade, also productive areas can be candidates for conservation, like salin
  17 KB (2,560 words) - 21:44, 6 September 2020
• Coastal observation systems
  ...ientific analyses of field data to improve our understanding of the marine environment, e.g. to enable assessments of the environmental quality and long term chan To observe our marine environment several options are nowadays available: FerryBoxes, Poles in shallow waters
  39 KB (5,933 words) - 22:32, 25 October 2020
• Dynamics of mud transport
  Clay particles in an aquatic environment tend to stick together (coagulate) as the result of the van der Waals force .... A two-class population balance equation yielding bimodal flocculation of marine or estuarine sediments. Water Research, 45:2131-2145.</ref> .
  28 KB (4,158 words) - 16:19, 27 February 2023
• Ecological restoration of estuaries in North Western Europe
  Europe: an adaptive strategy to multi-scale changes. Plankton Benthos Res 5(Suppl.): 174–184. ...H, Scheffer M, Worm B (2006) Ecology—Globalization, roving bandits, and marine resources. Science 311: 1557–1558.</ref>. In the estuaries presented here
  36 KB (5,283 words) - 14:03, 2 March 2023
• Marine Biotechnology
  ...sitionpaper15">Marine Biotechnology: A New Vision and Strategy for Europe, Marine Board-ESF Position Paper 15, 2010.</ref> ...ent to assess the ecosystem health then it also falls within the sphere of Marine Biotechnology.
  2 KB (274 words) - 16:11, 3 August 2016
• Marine Biotechnology in Norway
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...for research”''' describes the overall Norwegian government’s research strategy.<ref name="cli">http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/2178785/PDFS/STM20082009003
  9 KB (1,161 words) - 10:03, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Poland
  {{Marine Biotechnology There are no specific Marine Biotechnology strategies, plans or policies in Poland. Relevant Polish rese
  11 KB (1,542 words) - 10:01, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Romania
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...search. Relevant research is considered under a much wider scoped plan and strategy:
  3 KB (385 words) - 10:00, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Atlantic, Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast
  ...:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Marine Biotechnology in European sea basins|European sea basins]] ...n goals, among other on science and technology matters also in the area of marine biotechnology research and development.
  6 KB (831 words) - 11:18, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Baltic Sea basin
  ...:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Marine Biotechnology in European sea basins|European sea basins]] ...nation of fish by dioxin and heavy metals. The Baltic Sea has 86 protected marine areas that add up to 29 000 km² or 6.5% of its total surface area (Kattega
  21 KB (2,953 words) - 11:19, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Black Sea basin
  ...:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Marine Biotechnology in European sea basins|European sea basins]] The thin upper layer of marine water (up to 150 m) supports the unique biological life in the Black Sea ec
  11 KB (1,563 words) - 12:48, 9 March 2021
• OSPAR eutrophication assessment
  ...into the maritime areas and to combat eutrophication to achieve a healthy environment where eutrophication does not occur. The Common Procedure includes the main ...nvironment and provide a means to define the desired quality of the marine environment.
  17 KB (2,396 words) - 11:11, 20 February 2024
• Marine Biotechnology in France
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...n the National Programmation Law for Research and in the National Research Strategy (SNRI)
  13 KB (1,781 words) - 11:26, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Germany
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...ine biotechnology is supported as part of more overarching bio-economy and marine/maritime research strategies as described in different documents, including
  10 KB (1,417 words) - 11:26, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Iceland
  {{Marine Biotechnology Iceland does not have a dedicated Marine Biotechnology policy, strategy or plan, but there are policy documents, which are partly relevant for biot
  6 KB (772 words) - 11:27, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Italy
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...n Programma Nazionale della Ricerca. The marine research component of this Strategy is further developed in the Italian Research for the Sea Programme managed
  4 KB (553 words) - 11:29, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Portugal
  {{Marine Biotechnology Portugal has a National strategy for the Sea (ENM) for the period 2013-2012 (ENM_PT)<ref name="fcct">http://
  14 KB (2,008 words) - 10:00, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Slovenia
  {{Marine Biotechnology There are no specific Marine Biotechnology strategies, plans or policies being implemented in Slovenia.
  11 KB (1,368 words) - 10:00, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Spain
  {{Marine Biotechnology '''Strategy: Spanish Strategy for Science and Technology and Innovation'''<ref name="idi">http://www.idi.
  24 KB (3,418 words) - 09:59, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in United Kingdom
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...its into wider science and technology policy and supported via overarching marine and bioscience strategies:
  11 KB (1,591 words) - 09:57, 10 August 2019
• Bioremediation of marine ecosystems
  ...llou, J. (2010) MarineBiotechnology: A new vision and strategy for Europe. Marine Board-ESF Position Paper 15</ref> See also [[Oil spill pollution impact and ...s://saferenvironment.wordpress.com/2008/09/17/oil-spill-adverse-effects-on-marine-environmental-bio-system-and-control-measures/</ref>
  4 KB (621 words) - 16:32, 15 February 2024
• Biosensing
  ...llou, J. (2010) MarineBiotechnology: A new vision and strategy for Europe. Marine Board-ESF Position Paper 15.</ref> ...llou, J. (2010) MarineBiotechnology: A new vision and strategy for Europe. Marine Board-ESF Position Paper 15.</ref>
  8 KB (1,148 words) - 16:29, 31 July 2015
• EU Maritime Policy: Green Paper 2006
  ...es on maritime transport, industry, offshore energy, fisheries, the marine environment, coastal regions and others are to be examined in a systematic manner in or * The [[Lisbon Strategy]]
  9 KB (1,418 words) - 17:17, 8 September 2020
• Development of the European Marine Strategy
  ...It should be read in conjunction with the article on the [[European Marine Strategy Framework Directive]]. ...the '''Thematic Strategy on the Protection and Conservation of the Marine Environment''' are in the Sixth Environmental Action Programme adopted by the Council a
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• European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
  [[Image:Mareco.jpg|right|thumb|300px|<small>A marine ecosystem(Photo credit: [http://www.noaa.gov/ NOAA])</small>]] <P ALIGN="justify">The European Union's (2008/56/EC) '''Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)''' was adopted on 17 June 2008, and came into fo
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• ICZM training and capacity building: important links
  * [http://iwlearn.net/ International Waters Learning Network of the Global Environment Facility (GEF)] ...ovides grants to developing countries for projects that benefit the global environment and promote sustainable livelihoods in local communities.
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• Training Needs Analysis
  ...erceived by different agencies dealing with various aspects of coastal and marine matters. Most probably, commonalities may arise in terms of priority traini ...lp for integrating training courses under the umbrella of a major training strategy.
  5 KB (830 words) - 18:05, 28 August 2020
• Establishing the ICZM Coordination Mechanism
  ...(Mahon, R. et al. A governance perspective on the large marine ecosystem. Marine Policy. 2008). ...the governance principles, well informed and transparent, and ensures the strategy, plan or programme’s legitimacy and long-term sustainability.
  5 KB (749 words) - 11:22, 25 July 2020
• Marine Biotechnology in Ukraine
  {{Marine Biotechnology ...of science and technique”. The marine research component of this Policy/Strategy is further developed in Part 5.6 “Science &Technology and Innovative Poli
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• Marine Biotechnology in Chile
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[America] == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  5 KB (702 words) - 11:21, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology at Pan-European level
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] ...Europe is a truly maritime continent, with access to an enormous range of marine habitats from coastal lagoons, to inshore waters to shelf seas and the deep
  31 KB (4,415 words) - 10:05, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in USA
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[America] == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  14 KB (2,089 words) - 09:54, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Australia
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Australi == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  12 KB (1,775 words) - 11:18, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in China
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Asia]] == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  11 KB (1,580 words) - 11:22, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology international summary
  ...:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Marine Biotechnology international summaries|International summaries]] ...chnology R&D programmes; it also identified the USA as the world leader in marine biotechnology.
  22 KB (3,139 words) - 16:48, 3 September 2020
• Marine Biotechnology Australia-Pacific summary
  ...:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Marine Biotechnology international summaries|International summaries]] ...ogy) produced a roadmap for biotechnology research in 2007, which included marine biotechnology as a specific component.
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• European policy on eutrophication: introduction
  ...e]] and the [[European Marine Strategy Framework Directive|European Marine Strategy]] to provide guidance on:</P> ...''trophic status''' assessment in rivers, lakes, transitional, coastal and marine waters
  5 KB (704 words) - 11:19, 29 August 2020
• Marine Biotechnology in Vietnam
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Asia]] == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  4 KB (488 words) - 09:56, 10 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in Korea
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Asia]] == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  12 KB (1,736 words) - 11:30, 9 August 2019
• Marine Biotechnology in India
  Go back to: [[Portal:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Asia]] == National strategy for biotechnology ==
  14 KB (1,977 words) - 11:28, 9 August 2019
• PEGASO participation methods
  ...Agenda 21 United Nations, Rio de Janeiro. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development”, Rio de Janeiro 3-14 June 1992.</ref> both called for in Since the Conference on Environment and Development of 1992, public participation has been recognised as a nece
  14 KB (1,962 words) - 14:57, 5 October 2021
• PEGASO project Indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
  # Monitoring key characteristics of coastal and marine ecosystems against desired conditions. ...op common novel approaches to support integrated policies for the coastal, marine and maritime realms of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Basins in ways that
  10 KB (1,535 words) - 11:53, 7 September 2020
• Marine Biotechnology in Mediterranean Sea basin
  ...:Marine Biotechnology|Home]] > [[Strategies, Policies and Programmes]] > [[Marine Biotechnology in European sea basins|European sea basins]] ...referred to as a “miniature ocean” and a “physical laboratory” for marine environmental research.
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• Enabling a shared information infrastructure for Mediterranean and Black Sea basins
  ...ns takes considerable effort. The establishment of appropriate coastal and marine data and information infrastructures is of highest importance. ...rm infrastructure is used to promote the idea of a reliable and supporting environment, analogous to a road or a telecommunication network, facilitating the acces
  18 KB (2,755 words) - 11:16, 25 July 2020
• Gracilaria vermiculophylla
  ...landse Waddenzee. GiMaRIS Rapport, 2009.11. Marine Research, Inventory and Strategy Solutions: Leiden. 63 pp. [http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refi ...Marine Environment (2006). Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) 16-17 March 2006 Oostende, Belgium. C.M. - International
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• GIFS activity 1.2: Case study Nieuwpoort (Belgium) fisheries embedded in local tourism policy
  ...orking Committee of SALV prepares the advice. The [http://www.minaraad.be/ Environment and Nature Council of Flanders] (Minaraad) also provides advice to a number ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment. <ref>https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factshee
  32 KB (4,809 words) - 14:05, 20 August 2014
• Climate adaptation measures for the coastal zone
  ...l, economic and social point of view. A reasonable and generally preferred strategy for climate change adaptation is to start with so-called 'low-regret measur ...system inspection manuals. Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the Netherlands</ref>. To keep the flood risk maps up to date, these indic
  30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
• Fisheries in Blankenberge
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet ...ction of the restaurant to the sea, the lobsters stay in an optimal cooled environment. The restaurant opened in 1986 and became a great success. The oysters are
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• Fisheries in Heist
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet
  23 KB (3,510 words) - 12:47, 11 December 2014
• Fisheries in Oostduinkerke
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet
  33 KB (4,913 words) - 12:42, 11 December 2014
• Fisheries in Nieuwpoort
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet
  30 KB (4,452 words) - 12:42, 11 December 2014
• Fisheries in Zeebrugge
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet
  30 KB (4,338 words) - 12:43, 11 December 2014
• Fisheries in Oostende
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet
  38 KB (5,499 words) - 12:43, 11 December 2014
• Fisheries in De Panne
  ...t of women and efforts to promote the sustainable management of the marine environment<ref>[https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/cms/farnet/flagsheet/flag-factsheet
  30 KB (4,545 words) - 12:47, 11 December 2014
• Case study Hastings
  ...f>Hastings Regeneration Partnership (2002) Making Waves – A regeneration strategy for Hastings and St Leonards, Hastings Regeneration Partnership: Hastings</ ...Maritime and Fisheries Fund) in 2015 with a particular focus on Integrated Marine Policy (IMP).
  14 KB (1,997 words) - 21:49, 1 August 2019
• Case study Northern Devon
  ...Beauty, Exmoor National Park, North Devon UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Lundy Marine Conservation Zone). The fishery is a year round demersal fishery catching a ...Maritime and Fisheries Fund) in 2015 with a particular focus on Integrated Marine Policy (IMP).
  14 KB (2,062 words) - 21:50, 1 August 2019
• Case study North Norfolk
  ...environment with major offshore energy developments with challenging local marine spatial planning and fisheries management implications. ...Maritime and Fisheries Fund) in 2015 with a particular focus on Integrated Marine Policy (IMP).
  13 KB (1,935 words) - 21:50, 1 August 2019
• ‘Omics’ driven technologies
  '''Genomics of marine organisms''' '''Viruses''' are the most common biological entities in the marine environment. Recent metagenomic surveys have shown their unique gene pool and their mol
  6 KB (935 words) - 11:06, 9 August 2019
• Rocky shore habitat
  ...ptations the habitat is facing with and the importance of it in the marine environment. ...er with the wind, sunlight and other physical factors it creates a complex environment, see [[Rocky shore morphology]].
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
• Compendium for Coast and Sea - creating a marine science-policy interface
  ...experts. The Compendium for Coast and Sea is an initiative of the Flanders Marine Institute ([http://www.vliz.be/ VLIZ]) and was developed in close collabora ...ameworks (including international and European legislation) which apply to marine and maritime activities in the Belgian part of the North Sea. In line with
  9 KB (1,243 words) - 17:23, 7 November 2019
• Harbour porpoise in the Belgian part of the North Sea
  ...gers, policy- and decision-makers and professionals who work in the marine environment to rely on the best available scientific information about the distribution ...gers, policy- and decision-makers and professionals who work in the marine environment to rely on the best available scientific information about the distribution
  77 KB (11,773 words) - 16:58, 17 February 2024
• Marine biological valuation
  {{Definition|title= Marine biological valuation ...M. and Degraer, S. 2007a. A concept for biological valuation in the marine environment. Oceanologia 49: 99-128</ref>.}}
  21 KB (3,121 words) - 18:32, 3 March 2024
• Ecosystem services
  ...nium Ecosystem Assessment was conducted, coordinated by the United Nations Environment Program, applying the concept globally<ref name=M></ref>. In 2007, the inte ...onents, the inter-dependency of these components, and overall value of the environment should be remembered.<ref>Beaumont, N.J., Austen, M.C., Atkins, J.P., Burdo
  28 KB (4,079 words) - 22:20, 6 April 2024
• Estuarine ecosystems
  ...], or transitional waters, represent the transition between freshwater and marine environments and are influenced by both aquatic realms. Salinity levels are ...olid lightblue; font-size: 11px;text-align:center"| estuarine, euryhaline, marine migrants
  22 KB (3,117 words) - 23:14, 20 January 2024
• European Platform for Biodiversity Research Strategy: Recommendations 2005 meeting
  ...in the recommendations of the European Platform for Biodiversity Research Strategy, which were introduced to a meeting of EU Nature Ministers in October 2005 ...mate change on marine biodiversity. Though the focus at the meeting was on marine biodiversity, many of the research priorities are equally relevant for terr
  8 KB (1,083 words) - 17:18, 1 August 2019
• Pressures, impacts and policy responses in European coastal zones
  ...user groups together. So is it possible to define an optimum exploitation strategy? Are there objective criteria? These are key questions of ICZM. Different u ...on fish stocks, but it may have indirectly negative impacts on the marine environment.
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• Hard coastal protection structures
  ...th Sea coasts and more than 8% along the Mediterranean coasts<ref>European Environment Agency, 2006. The Changing Faces of Europe’s Coastal Areas. Publications ...developed through the [[Shoreline management|Shoreline Management Plan and Strategy Study]]. Figure 1 shows some of the more common types of coastal works that
  15 KB (2,145 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2021
• Climate adaptation policies for the coastal zone
  ...interests in the coastal zone and should therefore be embedded in an ICZM strategy. ...strategies. However, scenarios do not answer the question which adaptation strategy among different options should be preferred.
  21 KB (3,063 words) - 14:37, 15 February 2022
• Comprehensive assessment of coastal regions: the Russian example
  ...h evaluate tendencies in social and economic conditions of the coastal and marine zones. ...ndations regarding the development for the regional directions of national marine policy and coastal subjects of the Russian Federation.
  22 KB (2,907 words) - 16:17, 11 July 2020
• European Action Plan Theme Pollution prevention, detection and mitigation
  ...ter quality endangers human activities in the coastal zones as well as the environment. Diverse source of pollution threaten the water quality and may be sorted i ...s of these first regulations are the Water framework directive, the marine strategy directive and the new greenpaper for a EU maritime policy. Those policies s
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• European Action Plan Theme Ecomorphology and habitat restoration
  *The impacts of Climate Change on the European Marine and Coastal Environment specifically in relation to coastal habitats is to a certain extend establi ...rvices to be available at the same time securing the state of the specific environment.
  10 KB (1,499 words) - 12:55, 2 March 2023
• Valuation and assessment of biodiversity
  ...at sea, practical guidelines for incorporating biodiversity in coastal and marine policies are provided. ...orm, biodiversity or biological diversity is therefore 'Life on Earth' and marine biodiversity is 'Life in the Seas and Oceans’. While genetic, species and
  12 KB (1,809 words) - 17:32, 2 March 2024
• Restoration of estuarine and coastal ecosystems
  ...eves, L.S. 2014. Managed realignment:A viable long-term coastal management strategy? Springer Briefs in Environmental Science. New York, Springer, 143 pp.</ref ...d with organisms such as worms and bivalves that support the estuarine and marine food web. [http://www.illustrationsjcgoubert.com/ Illustration J-C. Goubert
  14 KB (2,089 words) - 19:14, 7 March 2023
• EU legislation for coast and sea
  ...w of current (2021) European regulations that relate to the coastal marine environment. These regulations contribute to the implementation of international treati Relevant international treaties related to the coastal and marine environment are described in other articles: the UN sea convention [[UN Convention on t
  21 KB (3,017 words) - 20:10, 8 October 2021
• Definitions of marine ecological terms
  This article provides a glossary of marine ecological terms used in the Coastal Wiki. ...ategy framework directive. Technical Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy</ref>), IUCN (2021<ref>IUCN glossary of definitions https://www.
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• Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services
  ...croalgae species is given in the article [[Diversity and classification of marine benthic algae]]. ...ptibility to diseases and decreases their fitness within their cultivation environment<ref>Charrier, B., Abreu, M.H., Araujo, R., Bruhn, A., Coates, J.C., De Cler
  35 KB (5,044 words) - 17:21, 16 February 2024