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Ciguatoxins: cyclic polyether modulators of voltage-gated ion channel function
Nicholson, G.M.; Lewis, R.J. (2006). Ciguatoxins: cyclic polyether modulators of voltage-gated ion channel function. Mar. Drugs 4(3): 82-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md403082
In: Marine Drugs. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI): Basel. ISSN 1660-3397; e-ISSN 1660-3397, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Keywords
    Diseases > Human diseases > Ciguatera
    Materials > Hazardous materials > Biological poisons > Ciguatoxin
    Gambierdiscus toxicus R.Adachi & Y.Fukuyo, 1979 [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal

Authors  Top 
  • Nicholson, G.M.
  • Lewis, R.J.

Abstract
    Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders. The pharmacology of ciguatoxins is characterised by their ability to cause persistent activation of voltage-gated sodium channels, to increase neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, to impair synaptic vesicle recycling, and to cause cell swelling. It is these effects, in combination with an action to block voltage-gated potassium channels at high doses, which are believed to underlie the complex of symptoms associated with ciguatera. This review examines the sources, structures and pharmacology of ciguatoxins. In particular, attention is placed on their cellular modes of actions to modulate voltage-gated ion channels and other Na+- dependent mechanisms in numerous cell types and to current approaches for detection and treatment of ciguatera.

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