Mangroves source details
Krauss K. W., Allen J. A., 2003. Influences of salinity and shade on seedling
photosynthesis and growth of two mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula, introduced to Hawaii. Aquatic Botany 77 (2003) 311–324.
130314
10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.08.004 [view]
Krauss, K. W.; Allen, J. A.
2003
Influences of salinity and shade on seedling photosynthesis and growth of two mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula, introduced to Hawaii
Aquatic Botany
77(4), 311-324
Publication
Rhizophora mangle was first introduced to Hawaii in 1902 to promote shoreline stabilization.
Intertidal competition with native and introduced salt marsh species was low, and beyond the early
1920s, mangrove forests expanded rapidly. An additional mangrove species, Bruguiera sexangula,
was introduced in 1922 and currently co-occurs with R. mangle in only a few stands on the north
shore and windward sides of Oahu. Where the two species overlap, R. mangle, having colonized
intertidal zones first, forms nearly monospecific forest stands. To determine why R. mangle remains
the dominant mangrove, we initiated a greenhouse study to compare seedling growth and photosynthetic
light response of both species growing at two light levels and contrasting salinity regimes (2,
10, 32 PSU). The asymptotic nature of B. sexangula’s assimilation response is indicative of stomatal
regulation, whereas only light level appears to regulate photosynthesis in R. mangle. Shifts in patterns
of biomass allocation and physiological response indicate two contrasting strategies relative
to sunlight and salinity. B. sexangula’s strategy is characterized by slow growth with little variation
under favorable conditions and morphological plasticity under stressful conditions, which allows
for adjustments in carbon gain efficiency (morphological strategy). On the other hand, R. mangle’s
strategy involves faster growth under a wide range of environmental conditions with physiological
enhancement of carbon assimilation (physiological strategy). Low salinity combined with reduced
light, or simply low sunlight alone, appears to favor R. mangle and B. sexangula equally. High salinity places greater, but not overwhelming, stress on B. sexangula seedlings, but tends to favor R. mangle at higher light levels.
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