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MSBIAS taxon details
original description
(of ) Reinhard, W. (1881). Über Echinoderes und Desmoscolex der Umgebung von Odessa. <em>Zoologischer Anzeiger.</em> 4 (97): 588-592., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/itempdf/36963 [details]
basis of record
Neuhaus, B.; van der Land, J. (2001). Cephalorhyncha (=Loricifera, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Nematomorpha), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 159-160 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. <em>Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8.</em> vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors 
additional source
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source
Neuhaus, B. (2013). 5. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology, Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera, Volume 1: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin,. pp. 181-348. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272536.181 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Dal Zotto, M.; Di Domenico, M.; Garraffoni, A.; Sørensen, M. V. (2013). Franciscideres gen. nov. – a new, highly aberrant kinorhynch genus from Brazil, with an analysis of its phylogenetic position. <em>Systematics and Biodiversity.</em> 11(3): 303-321., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2013.819045
note: Specimen(s) from Mediterranean Sea, Chioggia, 45°05'29.43''N, 12°35'05.82''E [location data provided by Dal Zotto et al. (2013) were erroneus, for correct data see Dal Zotto & Todaro 2016], unknown ... Specimen(s) from Mediterranean Sea, Chioggia, 45°05'29.43''N, 12°35'05.82''E [location data provided by Dal Zotto et al. (2013) were erroneus, for correct data see Dal Zotto & Todaro 2016], unknown if hologenophore(s) deposited in a collection: GenBank accession number for 18S rRNA: KF372858.
source of synonymy
Adrianov, A. V.; Malakhov, V. V. (1999). Cephalorhyncha of the world ocean. <em>KMK Scientific Press, Moscow.</em> 328 pp. [in Russian and English]. [details] Available for editors
new combination reference
Neuhaus, B.; Pardos, F.; Sørensen, M. V.; Higgins, R. P. (2013). Redescription, morphology, and biogeography of Centroderes spinosus (Reinhard, 1881)(Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from Europe. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 54: 109-131., available online at https://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.8E3FD0CA
note: Abstract. The taxonomic status of the kinorhynch genus Centroderes has been obscure in terms of definition and relationships since the genus was proposed by Zelinka in 1907. To solve the taxonomic con... Abstract. The taxonomic status of the kinorhynch genus Centroderes has been obscure in terms of definition and relationships since the genus was proposed by Zelinka in 1907. To solve the taxonomic confusion, the genus’ type species Centroderes spinosus (Reinhard, 1881) is redescribed by both light microscopy (based on 102 adult and 7 juvenile specimens) and SEM (based on 18 adult and 2 juvenile specimens). The species was collected near its type locality in the Black Sea as well as at several other European sites in Croatia, Spain, Ireland and Sweden. The study reveals that the two known species of the genus, C. spinosus and C. eisigii Zelinka, 1928 represent male and female of C. spinosus comb. nov.
with gender-specific morphological differences. Therefore, C. eisigii is suggested as a junior synonym of C. spinosus. Campyloderes adherens Nyholm, 1947 is synonomized with Centroderes spinosus comb. nov. (Reinhard, 1881). The study also shows that the life history of cyclorhagid Kinorhyncha may have to be rewritten, because evidence is presented here that adult specimens undergo a moult to a second adult stage. For C. spinosus comb. nov. additional morphological and nutritional aspects are provided.
new combination reference
Zelinka, K. (1928). Monographie der Echinodera. <em>Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.</em> 1-396, plates I-XXVII.
note: pp. 261, 262, text-figs 43, 44, erroneus reproduction of illustrations of Reinhard 1887: not Echinoderes spinosus Reinhard, 1881 but Centroderes spinosus comb. nov. (Reinhard, 1881) Zelinka, 1928. [details] Available for editors
new combination reference
Adrianov, A. V.; Malakhov, V. V. (1994). Kinorhyncha: Structure, development, phylogeny and taxonomy. <em>Nauka Publishing, Moscow.</em> 1–262. [in Russian].
note: p. 228: not Centroderes agigens [sic!] Băcescu, 1963, not Zelinkiana pseudospinosa Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Zelinkiana adunca Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Zelinkiana agigens [sic!] Sheremetevskij, 1974... p. 228: not Centroderes agigens [sic!] Băcescu, 1963, not Zelinkiana pseudospinosa Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Zelinkiana adunca Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Zelinkiana agigens [sic!] Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Reinhardella euxinica Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Reinhardella spinosa comb. nov. Sheremetevskij, 1974 but Centroderes spinosus comb. nov. (Reinhard, 1881) Adrianov & Malakhov, 1994.
ecology source
Sánchez, N.; Herranz, M.; Benito, J.; Pardos, F. (2012). Kinorhyncha from the Iberian Peninsula: new data from the first intensive sampling campaigns. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3402(1): 24-44., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3402.1
note: The article reports about the distribution, diversity and ecology of Kinorhycha around the Spanish peninsula. [details] Available for editors
ecology source
Dal Zotto, M.; Todaro, M. A. (2016). Kinorhyncha from Italy, a revision of the current checklist and an account of the recent investigations. <em>Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology.</em> 265: 90-107., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2016.01.004
note: Location data are partly erroneus and have to be corrected as follows (personal communication with M. Dal Zotto): The station at Chioggia is located at 45°5'29.43''N, 12°35'5.82''E. [details] Available for editors
Nontype MNB ZMB 5997, geounit West Coast of Ireland [details]
Nontype USNM 1086157, 1163529, 1163530, 1163582 - 1163593, geounit West Coast of Ireland [details]
Nontype ZMUC ZMUC-KIN-610, geounit West Coast of Ireland [details]
From editor or global species database
Distribution Specimens from Bermuda: Neuhaus et al. (2014) studied more than 100 specimens at the same locality on Bermuda as Coull (1970) and found only C. barbanigra, C. bonnyae, and C. drakei. It has to be assumed that the species reported by Coull (1970) was not Centroderes spinosus but one of the species reported later. [details]
Distribution Station from Blanes, east coast of Spain, in Sánchez et al. (2012) is erroneous: longitude must be East instead of West. [details]
Identification Higgins (1982, p. 316; 1986, p. 222) mentioned Centroderes spinosus from Castle Harbour, Bermuda, which was later identified by Neuhaus et al. (2014) as Centroderes barbanigra, C. bonnyae, and C. drakei. [details]
Synonymy Synonymy according to Neuhaus et al. (2014):
p. 21, not Centroderes spinosus of Higgins (1969, 1982, 1986: fig. 69) and of Coull (1970) but C. bonnyae,
p. 27, not Centroderes spinosus of Neuhaus (2013, p. 259) but C. drakei,
p. 39, not Centroderes spinosus of Higgins (1977, 1982) but C. readae [details]
Synonymy Synonymy according to Neuhaus et al. (2013):
not Campyloderes adherens Nyholm, 1947b but C. spinosus and not C. spinosus of Higgins (1977b, 1986b) and Coull (1970) but Centroderes sp. [details]
Synonymy Synonymy according to Adrianov & Malakhov (1999) and according to Neuhaus et al. (2013):
not Centroderes agigensis Bacescu, 1963 (Fig. 1D, figure caption “Centroderes spinosus agigensis n. s-sp.”), not Zelinkiana pseudospinosa Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Zelinkiana adunca Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Zelinkiana agigensis Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Reinhardella euxinica Sheremetevskij, 1974, not Reinhardella spinosa comb. nov. Sheremetevskij, 1974 but C. spinosus;
C. spinosus (Reinhard, 1881) plus C. eisigii Zelinka, 1928 (pp. 262-263, Pl. 1: Fig.1) = C. spinosus comb. nov. Neuhaus et al., 2013. [details]
Taxonomic remark The species name was preoccupied by Echínoderes spinosus Panceri, 1878. However, Zelinka (1928, p. 262) suggested not to rename the eyeless Centroderes (Echinoderes) spinosus Reinhard, 1881 before the adult life history stage of E. spinosus Panceri, 1878 with eyes would be known. [details]
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