Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplication and sequencing with conserved primers
Kocher, T.D.; Thomas, W.K.; Meyer, A.; Edwards, S.V.; Paabo, S.; Villablanca, F.X.; Wilson, A.C. (1989). Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplication and sequencing with conserved primers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86(16): 6196-6200. https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.16.6196
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The Academy: Washington, D.C.. ISSN 0027-8424; e-ISSN 1091-6490, more
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| Authors | | Top |
- Kocher, T.D.
- Thomas, W.K.
- Meyer, A.
- Edwards, S.V.
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- Paabo, S.
- Villablanca, F.X.
- Wilson, A.C.
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| Abstract |
With a standard set of primers directed toward conserved regions, we have used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify homologous segments of mtDNA from more than 100 animal species, including mammals, birds, amphibians, fishes, and some invertebrates. Amplification and direct sequencing were possible using unpurified mtDNA from nanogram samples of fresh specimens and microgram amounts of tissues preserved for months in alcohol or decades in the dry state. The bird and fish sequences evolve with the same strong bias toward transitions that holds for mammals. However, because the light strand of birds is deficient in thymine, thymine to cytosine transitions are less common than in other taxa. Amino acid replacement in a segment of the cytochrome b gene is faster in mammals and birds than in fishes and the pattern of replacements fits the structural hypothesis for cytochrome b. The unexpectedly wide taxonomic utility of these primers offers opportunities for phylogenetic and population research. |
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