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Antarctic macrobenthic communities: A compilation of circumpolar information
Citatie
Gutt J, Barnes DKA, Lockhart S: Antarctic macrobenthic communities: A compilation of circumpolar information https://doi.org/10.15468/5yo0ii
Contact: Gutt, Julian

Toegang tot data
Gearchiveerde data
Beschikbaarheid: Creative Commons License Deze dataset valt onder een Creative Commons Naamsvermelding 4.0 Internationaal-licentie.

Beschrijving
Comprehensive information on Antarctic macrobenthic community structure is publicly available since the 1960s. It stems from trawl, dredge, grab, and corer samples as well as from direct and camera observations. The quality of this information varies considerably; it consists of pure descriptions, figures for presence (absence) and abundance of some key taxa or proxies for such parameters, e.g. sea-floor cover. Some data sets even cover a defined and complete proportion of the macrobenthos with further analyses on diversity and zoogeography. meer

As a consequence the acquisition of data from approximately 90 different campaigns assembled here was not standardised. Nevertheless, it was possible to classify this broad variety of known macrobenthic assemblages to the best of experts knowledge (Gutt 2007; Fig. 1). This overview does not replace statistically sound community and diversity analyses. However, it shows from where which kind of information is available and it acts as an example of the feasibility and power of such data collections. The data set provides unique georeferenced biological basic information for the planning of future coordinated research activities, e.g. under the umbrella of the biology program "Antarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation" (AnT-ERA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and especially for actual conservation issues, e.g. the planning of Marine Protected Areas (MPA's) by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).
Geographic coverage: The area generally covers almost the entire Southern Ocean, including some ice-shelf covered sites. The vast majority of information is from shelf areas around the continent at water depth shallower than 800m. Non-ice shelf covered shelf areas can be up to 300km wide or the shelf-edge at 600 to 800m depth can "disappear" beneath the floating ice-shelf. Shallow areas (<50m) are rare because 86% of the coast-line is glaciated or consists of an ice-shelf egde. A non-glaciated coast mainly exists along the Antarctic Peninsula. The coastline is either extremely complex with bays, channels , peninsulas, islands etc or less structured, especially where it is formed by the ice-shelf. Overdeepenend basins (inner-shelf depressions) can reach >1200m water depth. Most islands exist west of the Antarctic Peninsula and along the Scotia Arc linking the Peninsula with the southern tip of South America. The coastal waters are mainly affected by the Antarctic Coastal Current (East Wind Drift), whilst the largest off-shore part of the Southern Ocean is dominated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) with gyres of different size. Sediments are predominantly poorly sorted but also cobble "fields", bedrock and pure soft sediments exist. The Antarctic marine ecosystem is shaped by a distinct seasonality of the sea-ice cover affecting a short and intensive primary production in austral summer, by predominantly stable low temperature to which most organisms are specifically adapted and almost missing terrestrial run-off. Most of the shelf-inhabiting macrobenthic species are endemic; some taxa reach above-average species richness (Clarke & Johnston 2003). Only few marine habitats are protected, most of which are small. Plans and proposals for large Marine Protected Areas (MPA's), e.g. in East Antarctica, in the Ross and Weddell Seas exist and demand good scientific knowledge and data.
Taxonomic coverage:Macrobenthic communities have been uploaded in the category "vernacularNames", abbreviations in "taxonRemarks"
Sampling methods: This project aggregates data from various expeditions with a full range of benthic sampling methods, such as grabs, corers, dredges, and trawls as well as non-invasive observations by scuba divers, stationary, towed, or ROV-based still and video-cameras. A first version of the classification of the macrobenthic communities had been published in a peer-reviewed journal (Gutt 2007). A modified version had been published in the Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment report (ACCE, Turner et al. 2009).

Scope
Thema's:
Biologie > Benthos
Kernwoorden:
Marien/Kust, Benthos, Corers, Data, Dredges, Grabs, Marine Genomics, Observatie, Trawls, PS, Zuidelijke Oceaan

Geografische spreiding
PS, Zuidelijke Oceaan [Marine Regions]

Spreiding in de tijd
1 Maart 1965 - 21 Februari 2010

Parameter
Voorkomen van soorten

Bijdrage door
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI), meerdata creator
Natural Environment Research Council; British Antarctic Survey (BAS), meerdata creator
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Fisheries Service; Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), meerdata creator

Gerelateerde datasets
Gepubliceerd in:
AntOBIS: Antarctic Ocean Biodiversity Information System, meer
(Gedeeltelijk) opgenomen in:
RAS: Register of Antarctic Species, meer

Dataset status: Afgelopen
Data type: Data
Data oorsprong: Data collectie
Metadatarecord aangemaakt: 2017-08-23
Informatie laatst gewijzigd: 2019-04-09
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