Espinosa Gutiérrez, J.M. (2016). Composición, distribución espacio-temporal y abundancia de la familia Sapphirinidae (Copepoda Cyclopoida) de la región canaria. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. 217 pp. [In Spanish].

561275

Espinosa Gutiérrez, J.M.

2016

217 pp. [In Spanish]

Publication

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1.- The Canary Islands region is characterized by a high level of mesoscale oceanographic activity, where eddies and warm wakes—associated with the island mass effect—influence the abundance and species-specific distribution of copepods belonging to the family Sapphirinidae. 2.- From the study conducted during the Canarias 85 and Canarias 9110 campaigns, and spanning annual and biennial cycles, a total of 15,325 individuals were collected, representing 17 copepod species of the family Sapphirinidae. These species are distributed across the following genera: *Sapphirina* (*S. angusta*, *S. auronitens*, *S. gastrica*, *S. gemma*, *S. intestinata*, *S. maculosa*, *S. metallina*, *S. nigromaculata*, *S. opalina*, *S. ovatolanceolata*, and *S. scarlata*); *Copilia* (*C. lata*, *C. mediterranea*, *C. miriabilis*, *C. quadrata*, and *C. vitrea*); and *Vettoria* (*V. granulosa*). Among these, *S. scarlata* is recorded for the first time in the waters of the Canary Islands. 3.- The most abundant species was *C. miriabilis*, followed by *C. quadrata*, *S. metallina*, *S. gemma*, *S. ovatolanceolata*, and *C. mediterranea*. Furthermore, all of these species are present throughout the entire year. 4.- Greater biodiversity is observed to the west of the islands than to the east, a pattern attributed to the surface temperature gradient and the temperate or tropical nature of the species within this family. 5.- An abundance gradient exists that mirrors this spatial distribution, with higher abundance levels found to the west of the Archipelago compared to the east. These results align with several studies conducted on the same spatio-temporal scale regarding the misma zona con respecto al mesozooplancton, tanto para su fracción holo- como meroplanctónica. 6.- Los procesos oceanográficos que se generan a sotavento cuando la Corriente de Canarias choca con las islas influyen en la distribución de los integrantes de esta familia, encontrando mayor abundancia y diversidad específica en los centros de los giros ciclónicos y en la periferia de los anticiclónicos. 7.- La desproporción existente entre machos y hembras de todas las especies parecen sostener la teoría de fenómenos partenogenéticos en las hembras, pero los resultados obtenidos y el planteamiento de los muestreos no permiten demostrarlo. 8- La aparición de determinadas especies en distintas profundidades en función de las horas de luz y de oscuridad parecen sostener otra teoría contrastada ya para estas especies en el Océano Índico, la migración nictimiral inversa. Al igual que con la conclusión anterior, los resultados obtenidos y el planteamiento de los muestreos no permiten demostrarlo. Sin embargo, este fenómeno se está estudiando ya para las aguas de las Islas Canarias con la campaña “FAX 99”, con muestreos estratificados. 9.- A excepción de las influencias de los fenómenos oceanográficos mesoescalares y al gradiente de temperatura, la distribución espacial de la familia es típicamente oceánica. 10.- Las variables ambientales que más influyen en la distribución de esta familia en aguas de Canarias son la temperatura y la concentración de clorofila. 11.- The annual cycle is characterized by the presence of a peak in abundance around the months of September and October in both years studied, coinciding with maximum temperatures. 12.- Another characteristic of the annual cycle is the presence of a second peak in abundance between February and April—albeit of lesser magnitude—coinciding with the late-winter bloom (BFI). This is more pronounced in 2005 than in 2006. 13.- Mean annual abundance is characterized by the constant presence of members of this family, with an average abundance of 429.54 ind./100 m³ throughout the year, and two peaks: one in September–October (mean abundance of 742.5 ind./100 m³) and another in February–April (mean abundance of 391.16 ind./100 m³). 14.- The distribution of species throughout the annual cycle is characterized—unlike in previous studies—by the constant presence of certain species previously considered "seasonal" (such as *S. metallina*), "irregularly distributed over time" (such as *C. quadrata*), or "occasional" (such as *S. ovatolanceolata*). 15.- The annual cycle distinguishes periods of higher abundance linked to temperature, yet it does not allow for a clear distinction between cold-period and warm-period species.

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