Distribution This species has been widely reported, but appears to be restricted to the Atlantic coasts of Europe, with some possible...
Distribution This species has been widely reported, but appears to be restricted to the Atlantic coasts of Europe, with some possible sightings in the Western Mediterranean. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; DÃaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; RÃos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=132324 on 2025-05-03
original description(ofSpongia fragilis Montagu, 1814)Montagu, G. (1814 [1818]). An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society. 2(1): 67-122, pls III-XVI., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45847761 page(s): 114 [details]
original description(ofSpongelia fistularis Schmidt, 1864)Schmidt, O. (1864). Supplement der Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Enthaltend die Histologie und systematische Ergänzungen. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig). i-vi: 1-48, pls 1-4. page(s): 28; pl II 28-29 & pl III fig 4 [details]
context source (Bermuda)Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1950). The Porifera of the Bermuda archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 27(1): 1-154.[details]
basis of recordCook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R. (2002 [2004]). Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867. Pp. 1061-1066. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera - A guide to the classification of sponges. (2volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, 1708 +xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).[details] Available for editors [request]
basis of recordCook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R. (2002). Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867. Pp. 1061-1066. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera - A guide to the classification of sponges. (2volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, 1708 +xvliii. ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version).[details]
additional sourceCorriero, G. (1989). The sponge fauna from the Stagnone di Marsala (Sicily): taxonomic and ecological observations. Bolletino Museo Istituto Biologia Università Genova. 53: 101-113. page(s): 103 [details]
additional sourceCarballo, J.L.; Garcia-Gómez, J.C. (1994). Esponjas del Estrecho de Gibraltar y áreas próximas, con nuevas aportaciones para la fauna Iberica [Porifera from the Straits of Gibraltar and nearby areas, new species of the Iberian fauna]. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 35(2): 193-211. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 196 [details]
additional sourceLombas, I. (1982). Distribución, de esponjas esciafilas en la zona intermareal de Aramar (Luanco, Asturias). Boletim de Ciencias Naturales IDEA. 29: 37-50. page(s): 46 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceHiggin, T. (1886). Report on the Porifera of th L.M.B.C. District. Liverpool Marine Biology Committee Report. 72-94. page(s): 76 [details]
additional sourceSarà , M. (1958). Contributo all consoscenza dei Poriferi del Mar Ligure. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova. 70(1): 207-244. page(s): 241 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceBurton, M. (1936). The fishery ground near Alexandria. IX. Sponges. Notes and Memoirs of the Fisheries Research Directorate, Cairo. 17: 1-28. page(s): 26 [details]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1951). A collection of sponges from the Black Sea. Archiv für Hydrobiologie. 45: 213-216. page(s): 213 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceKelly, M.; Edwards, A.R.; Wilkinson, M.R.; Alvarez, B.; Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R.; Buckeridge, St J.; Campbell, H.J.; Reiswig, H.M.; Valentine, C.; Vacelet, J. (2009). Phylum Porifera: sponges. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 23-46.[details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceThomas, P.A. (1976). Marine Demospongiae of Zanzibar Island. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India. 18(3): 448-460. page(s): 450; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceThomas, P.A. (1985 [1979]). Demospongiae of Minicoy Island (Indian Ocean) Part 1 - Orders Keratosa and Haplosclerida. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India. 21 (1-2): 10-16. page(s): 14; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceLabate, M.; Arena, P. (1964). La fauna dei Poriferi nei laghi di Ganzirri e Faro (Messina). Archivo Zoologico Italiano. 49: 249-280. page(s): 275 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceFerrer Hernández, F. (1914). Esponjas del Cantábrico. Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Zoológica). 14: 1-36. page(s): 24-25 [details]
additional sourceRützler, K.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Piantoni, C. (2009). Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas. 285–313. note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourcePansini, M. (1987). Report on a collection of Demospongiae from soft bottoms of the Eastern Adriatic Sea. In: Jones WC (ed) European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station. 1, 41-53. page(s): 51 [details]
additional sourceCruz, T. (2002). Esponjas marinas de Canarias. ConsejerÃa de PolÃtica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias. S/C Tenerife. 260 pp.[details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceStone, S.M.: Boardley. E.; Gill, M. (1987). Field characteristics of some conspicuous sublittoral sponges from Roaringwater Bay, County Cork, Ireland. In: Jones WC (ed) European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station. 1: 130-140.[details]
additional sourceThomas, P.A. (1982). Sponges of Papua And New Guinea. I. Order Keratosida Grant. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India. 24(1): 15-22. page(s): 19; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLiu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceBenito, J. (1981). Algunas esponjas del litoral levantino español. BoletÃn del Instituto Español de Oceanografia. 6, 89-102. page(s): 97 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLabate, M. (1964). Poriferi di grotta superficiale del litorale adriatico pugliese. Annali del Pontificio Istituto Scienze e Lettere S. Chiara, Napoli. 14, 319-342. page(s): 339 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceVoultsiadou-Koukoura, E.; Koukouras, A. (1993). Contribution to the knowledge of Keratose sponges (Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida, Verongida: Demospongiae, Porifera) of the Aegean Sea. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin. 69, 57-72. page(s): 64 [details]
additional sourceVacelet, J. (1976). Inventaire des Spongiaires du Parc national de Port-Cros (Var). Travaux scientifiques du Parc national de Port-Cros. 2, 167-186. page(s): 184 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceKefalas, E.; Castritsi-Catharios, I; Miliou, H. (2003). The impacts of scallop dredging on sponge assemblages in the Gulf of Kalloni (Aegean Sea, northeastern Mediterranean). ICES Journal of Marine Science. 60, 402-10. page(s): 406 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceEvcen, A.; Çinar, M.E. (2012). Sponge (Porifera) species from the Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Levantine Sea, eastern Mediterranean), with a checklist of sponges from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology,. 36, 460-464. page(s): 463 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCorriero, G.; Scalera-Liaci, L.; Gristina, M.; Riggio, S.; Mercurio, M. (1997). Composizione tassonomica e distribuzione della fauna e Poriferi e Briozoi in una grotta semisommersa della riserva naturale marina "Isola di Ustica". Biologia Marina Mediterranea. 4 (1), 34-43. page(s): 37 [details]
additional sourceGerovasileiou, V.; Voultsiadou, E. (2012). Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: A Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir within a Biodiversity Hotspot. PLoS ONE. 7(7): e39873., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039873 page(s): Table S1 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceScalera-Liaci, L.; Sciscioli, M.; Fiordiponti, F. (1976). Distribuzione dei Poriferi del mar Piccolo di Taronto. Oebalia. 2, 3-19. page(s): 18 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceGerovasileiou, V.; Voultsiadou, E. (2016). Sponge diversity gradients in marine caves of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Schönberg C.H.L., Fromont J., Hooper J.N.A., Sorokin S., Zhang W. & de Voogd N (eds) New Frontiers in Sponge Science. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 96: 407-416., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000697 page(s): 4 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSolórzano, M.R. (1990). PorÃferos del litoral gallego: estudio faunÃstico, distribución e inventario. Phd Thesis Unversidad de Santiago de Compostela. 1036 pp. page(s): 1028-1033; Lám. 135 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSitjà , C.; Maldonado, M.; Farias, C.; Rueda, J.L. (2019). Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 99 (4): 807 - 831., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315418000589 page(s): SUP. MAT. Appendix 1 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceCosta, G.; Betti, F.; Nepote, E.; Cattaneo-Vietti, R.; Pansini, M.; Bavestrello, G.; Bertolino, M. (2018). Sponge community variations within two semi-submerged caves of the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea) over a half-century time span. The European Zoological Journal. 85 (1): 382-392., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2018.1525439 page(s): 387 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceNaveiro Millán, A. (2002). PorÃferos de la costa da Arrábida (Portugal). Clase Demospongiae. Tesina Unversidad de Santiago de Compostela. 165 pp. page(s): 129-130 Figura 60 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLongo, C.; Cardone, F.; Pierri, C.; Mercurio, M.; Mucciolo, S.; Marzano, C.N.; Corriero, G. (2018). Sponges associated with coralligenous formations along the Apulian coasts. Marine Biodiversity. 48(4): 2151-2163., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0744-x page(s): 2157 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceHussein, K.B.; Talet, L.B. (2019). A preliminary inventory of biodiversity and benthic habitats of “Plane†Island (Paloma) in Oran Bay, north western Algeria, (western Mediterranean). Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 25 (1): 49-72. page(s): 58 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1950). The Porifera of the Bermuda archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 27(1): 1-154. page(s): 22-25; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceHayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceVan Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceAckers, R.G.; Moss, D.; Picton, B.E. (1992). Sponges of the British Isles (‘Sponges V'). A Colour Guide and Working Document. Marine Conservation Society. 1-175. page(s): 147-148 [details]
additional sourceAlander, H. (1942). Sponges from the Swedish west-coast and adjacent waters. Ph.D. Thesis. (University of Lund, H. Struves: Gøteborg). Pp. 1-95, 15 pls. page(s): 17 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceBergquist, P.R. (1961). The Keratosa (Porifera) collected by the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir. 13 (139): 207-219. note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceBowerbank, J.S. (1866). A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. (Ray Society: London): i-xx, 1-388. , available online athttps://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1905089 page(s): 382-384 [details]
additional sourceBowerbank, J.S. (1874). A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. (Ray Society: London): i-xvii, 1-367, pls I-XCII., available online athttps://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1871265 page(s): 175, Pl. LXIX [details]
additional sourceBurton, M. (1956). The sponges of West Africa. Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Copenhagen). 4: 111-147. page(s): 137 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceFristedt, K. (1885). Bidrag till Kännedomen om de vid Sveriges vestra Kust lefvande Spongiae. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar. 21: 1-56, pls I-IV. page(s): 51 [details]
additional sourceHanitsch, R. (1889). Second Report on the Porifera of the L.M.B.C.District. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society. 3: 155-173, pls V-VII. page(s): 159 [details]
additional sourceHechtel, G.J. (1965). A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 20: 1-103. page(s): 14-16; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1936). A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication. 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper 30) 1-225, pls 1-22. page(s): 2è-28; pl 6 fig 3; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1948). The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation. 3: 1-217. page(s): 137-142 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceLaubenfels, M.W. de. (1953). Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean. 2(3): 511-557. page(s): 515; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourcePulitzer-Finali, G.; Pronzato, R. (1976). Report on a Collection of Sponges from the Bay of Naples. II. Keratosa. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli. 40(1): 83-104. page(s): 88 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourcePulitzer-Finali, G.; Pronzato, R. (1981 [1980]). The Keratosa in a collection of Mediterranean sponges mainly from the Italian coasts. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 83: 127-158. page(s): 129 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSarà , M. (1958). Studio sui Poriferi di una grotta di marea del Golfo di Napoli. Archivo Zoologico Italiano. 43: 203-281, pls I-II. page(s): 274-275 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSarà , M. (1960). Poriferi del litorale dell'isola d'lschia e loro ripartizioneper ambienti. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli. 31(3):421-472, pls XII-XIII. page(s): 468 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSarà , M. (1961). La fauna di Poriferi delle grotte delle isole Tremiti. Studio ecologico e sistematico. Archivio zoologico italiano. 46: 1-59,pls I-II. page(s): 56 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceTanita, S.; Hoshino, T. (1989). The Demospongiae of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household: Japan. i-xiii, 1-197 [in English], pls 1-19; 1-166 [in Japanese], 1 map. page(s): 183; note: Misapplication. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceUriz, M.J. (1987). Sponges from the south-west of Africa: description of species. In: Jones WC (ed) European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station. 1, 54-73. page(s): 70; note: Misapplication [details]
additional sourceUriz, M.J. (1988). Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (Southwest Africa): Classses Hexactinellida and Demospongia. MonografÃas de ZoologÃa Marina. 3: 9-157. page(s): 102; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceWiedenmayer, F. (1977). Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum. 28: 1-287, pls 1-43. page(s): 72-73; note: Misapplication [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceKrikech, I.; Le Pennec, G.; Ezziyyani, M. (2022). Preliminary study of the shallow water sponges (Demospongiae) from the north-central Moroccan Mediterranean coast. AACL Bioflux. 15 (1): 305-313. page(s): Table 2 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourcePansini, M.; Musso, B. (1991). Sponges from trawl-exploitable bottoms of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas: distribution and ecology. P.S.Z.N.I.: Marine Ecology. 12 (4): 317-329. page(s): 320 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceEvcen, A.; Gözcelioğlu, B.; Çinar, M.E. (2023). New sponge records (Porifera) from the Black Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 103043., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103043[details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceSivaleela, G. (2014). Marine sponges of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. Records of the Zoolgical Survey of India. 114 (Part 4): 607-622. page(s): 613; note: Misapplication. [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record(ofDuseideia fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Burton, M. (1931 [1932]). The Porifera of the Isle of Man. Lancashire Sea Fisheries Laboratory Reports. 1931: 167-169.[details]
additional source(ofSpongelia pallescens fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Schulze, F.E. (1879). Untersuchungen über den Bau und dia Entwicklung der Spongien. Sechste Mittheilung. Die Gattung Spongelia. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 32: 117-157. page(s): 150 [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Hanitsch, R. (1890). Third Report on the Porifera of the L.M.B.C.District. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society. 4: 192-238, pls X-XV. page(s): 198 [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Stephens, J. (1912). A Biological Survey of Clare Island in the County of Mayo, Ireland and the Adjoining District. Marine Porifera. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 31 (Section 3, Part 59): 1-42. page(s): 39 [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Stephens, J. (1917). Report on the sponges collected off the coasts of Ireland by the dredging expeditions of the Royal Irish Academy and the Royal Dublin Society. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 34 (B): 1-16. page(s): 14 [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Burton, M. (1933). Report on a small collection of sponges from Stil Bay, S. Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (11): 235-244. page(s): 242; note: Misapplication [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis (Montagu, 1814))Vidal, A. (1967). Etude des fonds rocheux circalittoraux le long de la côte du Rousillon. Vie et Milieu. 18, 167-219. page(s): 188 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source(ofSpongia fragilis Montagu, 1814)Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis var. irregularis Lendenfeld, 1889)Rezvoi, P. (1928). Contribution to the fauna of Porifera in the Barents Sea. Transactions of the Institute for the scientific exploration of the North. 37: 67-95 (in Russian with English summary). page(s): 92 [details]
additional source(ofSpongelia fragilis var. irregularis Lendenfeld, 1889)Topsent, E. (1897). Spongiaires de la Baie d'Amboine. (Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais). Revue suisse de Zoologie. 4: 421-487, pls 18-21.[details]
Distribution This species has been widely reported, but appears to be restricted to the Atlantic coasts of Europe, with some possible sightings in the Western Mediterranean. [details]
Present 
