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Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791)

Laevicardium crassum
Laevicardium crassum

139004  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:139004)

accepted
Species
Cardium crassum Gmelin, 1791 · unaccepted (original combination)
Cardium norvegicum L. Spengler, 1799 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cardium norvegicum var. pallida Jeffreys, 1864 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cardium norvegicum var. rotunda Jeffreys, 1864 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cardium pennanti Reeve, 1844 · unaccepted (synonym)
Cardium politum Risso, 1826 · unaccepted > junior homonym (non Cardium politum Spengler, 1799;...)  
non Cardium politum Spengler, 1799; dubious synonym
Cardium vitellinum Reeve, 1844 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Laevicardium europeum Swainson, 1840 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Laevicardium norvegicum (L. Spengler, 1799) · unaccepted (junior synonym)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
(of Cardium crassum Gmelin, 1791) Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae, ed. 13. Tome 1(6). Vermes. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5
page(s): 3254 [details] OpenAccess publication
Note ‘Mari mediterraneo et septentrionali’...  
Type locality ‘Mari mediterraneo et septentrionali’ (Mediterranean and Northern Ocean) [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025) European Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139004 on 2026-05-03
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2026). European Register of Marine Species. Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed at: https://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=139004 on 2026-05-03
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Gofas, Serge
2014-08-25 11:22:38Z
changed
ter Poorten, Jan Johan

original description (of Cardium crassum Gmelin, 1791) Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae, ed. 13. Tome 1(6). Vermes. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5
page(s): 3254 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Cardium vitellinum Reeve, 1844) Reeve, L. A. (1844-1845). Monograph of the genus <i>Cardium</i>. In: <i>Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals</i>, vol. 2, pl. 1-22 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London. [stated dates: pl. 1-4 [3 undated], October 1844, pl. 5-8, November 1844; pl. 9-12, December 1844; pl. 13-16, January, 1845; pl. 17-22, March 1845]. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8937393
page(s): sp. 37, pl. 7 fig. 37 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. pallida Jeffreys, 1864) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 295 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. rotunda Jeffreys, 1864) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 295 [details] 

original description (of Laevicardium europeum Swainson, 1840) Swainson, W. (1840). A treatise on malacology; or the natural classification of shells and shell-fish. Longman, London, viii + 419 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33450
page(s): 373 [details] 

original description (of Cardium pennanti Reeve, 1844) Reeve, L. A. (1844-1845). Monograph of the genus <i>Cardium</i>. In: <i>Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals</i>, vol. 2, pl. 1-22 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London. [stated dates: pl. 1-4 [3 undated], October 1844, pl. 5-8, November 1844; pl. 9-12, December 1844; pl. 13-16, January, 1845; pl. 17-22, March 1845]. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8937393 [details] 

original description (of Cardium politum Risso, 1826) Risso, A. (1826 - 1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. [Natural history of the main productions of Southern Europe and particularly those of the area around Nice and the Maritime Alps. <em>In: Levrault, F.G. (ed.). vol. 3. Mammifères. Oiseaux. Poissons / vol. 4. Mollusques. Annélides / vol. 5. Crustacés. Myriapodes, scorpionides, arachnides et acarides. Insectes. Vers intestinaux. Radiaires. Zoophytes].</em> 400 pp., 13 pls. [volumes 1-5., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/58984 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. senegalensis Dautzenberg, 1891) Dautzenberg, P. (1891). Voyage de la goëlette Melita aux Canaries et au Sénégal, 1889-1890: Mollusques Testacés. <em>Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France.</em> 4: 16-65, pl. 3., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10114227
page(s): 59 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. mediterranea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892) Bucquoy, E.; Dautzenberg, P.; Dollfus, G. (1887-1898). Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils; 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, 1891; pp. 221-320, pl. 38-51, 1892; pp. 321-450, pl. 52-67, 1893; pp. 453-540, pl. 68-70, 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, 1896; pp. 621-884, pl. 89-99, 1898]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58552309
page(s): 302, pl. 48 figs 7-9 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. devians Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892) Bucquoy, E.; Dautzenberg, P.; Dollfus, G. (1887-1898). Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils; 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, 1891; pp. 221-320, pl. 38-51, 1892; pp. 321-450, pl. 52-67, 1893; pp. 453-540, pl. 68-70, 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, 1896; pp. 621-884, pl. 89-99, 1898]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58552309
page(s): 302, pl. 48 fig. 6 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. ponderosa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892) Bucquoy, E.; Dautzenberg, P.; Dollfus, G. (1887-1898). Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils; 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, 1891; pp. 221-320, pl. 38-51, 1892; pp. 321-450, pl. 52-67, 1893; pp. 453-540, pl. 68-70, 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, 1896; pp. 621-884, pl. 89-99, 1898]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58552309
page(s): 302, pl. 48 fig. 4 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. marmorata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892) Bucquoy, E.; Dautzenberg, P.; Dollfus, G. (1887-1898). Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils; 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, 1891; pp. 221-320, pl. 38-51, 1892; pp. 321-450, pl. 52-67, 1893; pp. 453-540, pl. 68-70, 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, 1896; pp. 621-884, pl. 89-99, 1898]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58552309
page(s): 303 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum var. lineolata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892) Bucquoy, E.; Dautzenberg, P.; Dollfus, G. (1887-1898). Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils; 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, 1891; pp. 221-320, pl. 38-51, 1892; pp. 321-450, pl. 52-67, 1893; pp. 453-540, pl. 68-70, 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, 1896; pp. 621-884, pl. 89-99, 1898]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58552309
page(s): 303 [details] 

original description (of Cardium norvegicum L. Spengler, 1799) Spengler, L. (1799). Over det toskallede Slægt, Hiertemuslingen, <i>Cardium</i> Linnéi. <em>Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet, Kiøbenhavn.</em> 5(1): 1-60, pl. 1., available online at https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN608227374_0005&DMDID=DMDLOG_0004
page(s): 42 [details] 

basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details] 

basis of record Poorten, J.J. ter. (2024). A taxonomic iconography of living Cardiidae. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 600 pp.
page(s): 378 [details] 

additional source Nolf, F. & Hubrecht, S. (2025). The <i>Laevicardium</i> species (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Cardiidae) in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: an ongoing story of taxonomic confusion. <em>Neptunea.</em> 18 (1): 1-38. [details] 

additional source Zamouri-Langar, N.; Chouba, L.; Ajjabi Chebil, L.; Mrabet, R.; El Abed, A. (2011). Les coquillages bivalves des côtes tunisiennes. Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer: Salammbô. ISBN 978-9938-9512-0-2. 128 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
Type locality ‘Mari mediterraneo et septentrionali’ (Mediterranean and Northern Ocean) [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Dutch Noorse hartschelp  [details]
French bucarde  [details]
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland 
To Barcode of Life (7 barcodes) 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (111 publications) (from synonym Cardium norvegicum L. Spengler, 1799)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (15 publications) (from synonym Cardium politum Risso, 1826)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (20 publications) (from synonym Laevicardium norvegicum (L. Spengler, 1799))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) 
To Conchology (Laevicardium crassum) 
To Dyntaxa 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Laevicardium crassum) 
To GenBank (9 nucleotides; 4 proteins) 
To Malacopics (Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791) Greece, Attiki, Aegina, Moni Island, at 3 m dept... 
To Malacopics (Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791) Netherlands, Zuid-Holland, Den Haag, Scheveninge... 
To Malacopics (Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791) Portugal, Faro, Cabanas de Tavira, beached, coll... 
To Malacopics (Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791)) 
To Marine Bivalves of the British Isles webpage at National Museum of Wales 
To NHMUK collection (Cardium vitellinum Reeve, 1844; SYNTYPE(S); NHMUK:ecatalogue:3508311) (from synonym Cardium vitellinum Reeve, 1844)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. pallida Jeffreys, 1864)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. rotunda Jeffreys, 1864)
To PESI (from synonym Laevicardium europeum Swainson, 1840)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium pennanti Reeve, 1844)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum L. Spengler, 1799)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium politum Risso, 1826)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. senegalensis Dautzenberg, 1891)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. mediterranea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. devians Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. ponderosa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. marmorata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium norvegicum var. lineolata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1892)
To PESI 
To PESI (from synonym Laevicardium norvegicum (L. Spengler, 1799))
To PESI (from synonym Cardium crassum Gmelin, 1791)
To PESI (from synonym Cardium vitellinum Reeve, 1844)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection (from synonym Cardium norvegicum L. Spengler, 1799)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection (from synonym Laevicardium norvegicum (L. Spengler, 1799))
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Unreviewed