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| Risk formulation for the sonic effects of offshore wind farms on fish in the EU region |
| Kikuchi, R. (2010). Risk formulation for the sonic effects of offshore wind farms on fish in the EU region Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60(2) 60(2): 172–177 |
| In: (2010). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60(2) Error: ms record without linked s record - BEntID 136848, 60(2)[s.n.][s.l.], meer |
| Trefwoorden |
Noise pollution; Renewable energy; Risk assessment; Treksoorten; Vis; Marien |
| Abstract |
In 2007, European leaders agreed to source 20% of their energy needs from renewable energy; since that
time, offshore wind farms have been receiving attention in the European Union (EU). In 2008, the European
Community submitted a proposal to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in order to
combat marine noise pollution. In consideration of these facts, the present paper aims to deduce a preliminary
hypothesis and its formulation for the effect of offshore wind farm noise on fish. The following
general picture is drawn: the short-term potential impact during pre-construction; the short-term intensive
impact during construction; and the physiological and/or masking effects that may occur over a long
period while the wind farm is in operation. The EU’s proposal to UNEP includes noise databases that list
the origins of man-made sounds; it is advisable that offshore wind farms should be listed in the noise
databases in order to promote rational environment management. |
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