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An economic block model-based framework to determine design requirements for ferromanganese crust mining systems
Schmitt, R.; Lesage, M.; Ellefmo, S.L. (2025). An economic block model-based framework to determine design requirements for ferromanganese crust mining systems. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. Online first: 1-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2025.2507809
In: Marine georesources and geotechnology. Taylor & Francis: Washington, DC. ISSN 1064-119X; e-ISSN 1521-0618, more
Peer reviewed article  

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  • Schmitt, R.
  • Lesage, M.
  • Ellefmo, S.L.

Abstract
    Ferromanganese crust (FMC) deposits are potential targets for commercial deep-sea mining. To guide future mining system design studies and the development of complementary mining equipment, this study introduces a framework that uses economic block models to identify design requirements for FMC mining systems that impact deposit value. The framework is illustrated through a case study of a hypothetical FMC deposit in a prospective region. Results show that mining efficiency has the greatest impact on deposit value, emphasizing that future designs should prioritize maximizing efficiency. System mobility and adaptability to manage steep slopes are also identified as influential design parameters. Economically, FMC mining is characterized as a cobalt-manganese venture.

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