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The effects of a copper-based antifouling paint on mortality and enzymatic activity of a non-target marine organism
Katranitsas, A.; Castritsi-Catharios, J.; Persoone, G. (2003). The effects of a copper-based antifouling paint on mortality and enzymatic activity of a non-target marine organism. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46(11): 1491-1494. dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00253-4
In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. Macmillan: London. ISSN 0025-326X; e-ISSN 1879-3363, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Keywords
    Aquatic organisms > Fouling organisms
    Chemical elements > Metals > Heavy metals
    Chemical elements > Metals > Transition elements > Heavy metals > Copper
    Data > Experimental data
    Enzyme activity
    Fauna > Aquatic organisms > Aquatic animals > Shellfish > Marine organisms > Marine crustaceans
    Lethal effects
    Pollution > Water pollution
    Pollution > Water pollution > Marine pollution
    Population functions > Mortality
    Separation processes > Leaching
    Tests > Toxicity tests
    Anostraca [WoRMS]; Artemia Leach, 1819 [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    copper; antifouling; non-target species; Artemia; ATPase; aquaculture

Authors  Top 
  • Katranitsas, A.
  • Castritsi-Catharios, J.
  • Persoone, G., more

Abstract
    Antifouling paints are used on a wide range of underwater structures in order to protect them from the development of fouling organisms. The leaching of the toxic substances from the matrix of the paint causes toxic effects not only to the fouling organisms but also on other "non-target" biota. The present study addresses the impact of the antifouling paint Flexgard VI-II on brine shrimp nauplii selected as convenient test organisms. The surface to volume (S/V) concept developed by Persoone and Castritsi-Catharios (1989) was used to determine S/V-LC50s for the test biota exposed to PVC test panels of 400-1000 mm2 surface coated with the antifouling paint in test vessels containing 20 ml seawater. Total ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase were also analyzed for coated surface areas inducing less than 50% mortality in the brine shrimp nauplii. The calculated S/V-LC50(24 h) was 24.6 mm2/ml, which shows the high toxic character of the antifouling paint. Decreased enzymatic activities were noted in the brine shrimp nauplii exposed to test panels of 50 and 100 mm2 in 20 ml seawater. The present study indicates that the "surface to volume" concept is an interesting methodology that can be applied with both lethal and sublethal effect criteria for the determination of toxic stress from leaches of painted surfaces.

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