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Seasonal variations in phytoplankton community and the impact of physico-chemical variables in the estuaries of the central west coast of India
Ramakrishnan, R.; Singh, K.S.; John, M.A.; Krishna P., A.; Imchen, T. (2025). Seasonal variations in phytoplankton community and the impact of physico-chemical variables in the estuaries of the central west coast of India. Diatom Research Online first: 1-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.2025.2525890
In: Diatom Research. Taylor & Francis: Bristol Avon. ISSN 0269-249X; e-ISSN 2159-8347, meer
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Ramakrishnan, R.
  • Singh, K.S.
  • John, M.A.
  • Krishna P., A.
  • Imchen, T.
Abstract
    The spatio-temporal variation of the phytoplankton community was investigated in the Mandovi and Zuari estuarine waters of Goa, India, from February 2021 to January 2022. A total of 160 phytoplankton species were identified in the Mandovi Estuary and 225 species in the Zuari Estuary, belonging to five major phyla, including Heterokontophyta (Bacillariophyta), Myzozoa, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, and Ochrophyta. The highest phytoplankton cell density in the Mandovi Estuary was recorded in the lower section during the pre-monsoon season (3.59520 × 105 cells L−1), whereas in the Zuari Estuary, the peak density was observed in the lower section during the post-monsoon season (2.96325 × 105 cells L−1). Significant spatial and seasonal variations in phytoplankton abundance and distribution have been attributed to freshwater discharge and nutrient influx from land runoff into the estuaries. Nutrient concentration, particularly nitrate, along with salinity, were found to significantly influence the phytoplankton abundance. Consequently, a notable shift in phytoplankton abundance and composition was observed along the salinity gradient. Diatoms were the dominant group, accounting for 74–77% of the total phytoplankton population. Euryhaline species such as Thalassionema nitzschioides and Skeletonema costatum were present throughout the study period, while a high abundance of Helicotheca tamesis indicated potential deterioration in estuarine water quality. The highly dynamic nature of the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries likely influences the characteristics of their phytoplankton community.
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