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High-resolution predictive mapping reveals novel benthic habitats in the southern Baltic Sea
Janowski, L.; Dziaduch, D.; Baranska, A.; Edut, J.; Zelewska, I.; Kaczmarek, N.; Szefler, K.; Wójcik, M.; Wróblewski, R.; Opiola, R.; Gajewski, J.; Kaminska, M.; Jurkiewicz-Gruszecka, E.; Marciniewicz-Mykieta, M. (2025). High-resolution predictive mapping reveals novel benthic habitats in the southern Baltic Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 1009: 180997. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180997
In: Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam. ISSN 0048-9697; e-ISSN 1879-1026, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoord
    Underwater acoustics
Author keywords
    Benthic habitat mapping; Machine learning; European nature information system; Southern Baltic
Auteurs  Top 
  • Janowski, L.
  • Dziaduch, D.
  • Baranska, A.
  • Edut, J.
  • Zelewska, I.
  • Kaczmarek, N.
  • Szefler, K.
  • Wójcik, M.
  • Wróblewski, R.
  • Opiola, R.
  • Gajewski, J.
  • Kaminska, M.
  • Jurkiewicz-Gruszecka, E.
  • Marciniewicz-Mykieta, M.
Abstract
    Marine benthic habitats are essential for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet their complexity and inaccessibility challenge effective mapping and management. This study presents the first high-resolution predictive benthic habitat maps at the EUNIS Level 5 for the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the southern Baltic Sea, covering over 7000 km2 of direct high-resolution measurements. Using advanced hydroacoustic technologies—multibeam echosounders and side-scan sonars—combined with 1425 sediment grab samples and underwater video ground-truthing, we applied a Random Forest classifier trained on bathymetric derivatives via Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA). The model achieved high accuracy: 96.94 % overall and a kappa coefficient of 0.94 for substrate classification, and 97.88 % overall with a kappa of 0.97 for dominant species. We identified 47 distinct benthic habitats, including 24 novel EUNIS Level 5 unique to the southern Baltic, requiring the proposal of three new EUNIS Level 4 categories to maintain taxonomic hierarchy. These findings enhance understanding of Baltic Sea biodiversity and provide a scalable framework for benthic habitat mapping, supporting ecosystem-based management under increasing anthropogenic pressures.
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